Hosam Mohamed-
atopic
-individuals who are genetically predisposed to experiencing allergic reactions; they produce IgE upon antigen exposure
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epitope
-area on the surface of an antigen that can elicit an immune response and/or serve as the binding site for Ab
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urticaria
– intensely itching rash usually as a result of an allergic rxn
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hapten
– small molecule drug that reacts with a protein and elicits and antibody response.
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antigen
– foreign substance that evokes an immune response either alone or in combination with another substance
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b
Which hypersensitivity reaction is Complement -mediated?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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c
Which hypersensitivity reaction is Immune-Complex mediated?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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d
Which hypersensitivity reaction is Cell-mediated(T-cell)?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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a
Which hypersensitivity reaction is IgE-mediated?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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type III
-IgM and IgG antibody complexes that activate the complement cascade.
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type II
- IgG and IgM antibodies bind to antigens on cell surfaces and activate the complement cascade.
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d
Which hypersensitivity reaction is delayed and involves T-cells releasing cytokines and activating other destructive, inflammatory substances?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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false
Medications can only cause type 1 & 2 hypersensitivity reactions. T/F?
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type 1
-occurs after a person has produced antibodies to the allergen. (2nd exposure-effect)
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IgM; naive B-cells
Initial exposure of antigen binds to _____ on surface of _______ cells.
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2; T-helper 2
B cells process antigen and present MHC class _____ to ______ cells.
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antigen binds to IgM on naive B cells; B cells process antigen and present to MHC class II to TH2 cells; TH2 cells release IL-4/IL-13 to switch class to IgE and create memory B cells that differentiate into plasma cells that produce IgE; this causes the sensitization of mast cells
Explain Sensitization Phase/ 1st exposure.
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Effector Phase/ 2nd exposure
-second exposure from same antigen binds to IgE on surface of mast cells or basophils resulting in mast cell degranulation.
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wheal
-red, raised itchy area usually identified during skin prick test allergen identification
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true
Once maintenance dose is achieved, patient must continue maintenance dose level. T/F?
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Palforiza
-oral immunotherapy indicated for the mitigation of allergic reactions to accidental peanut exposure in patients 4-17 years old
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oral allergy syndrome
-cross reactivity reaction that involves our bodies confusing the proteins in fruits & vegetables for the pollen proteins.
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IgE; alpha gal in carbs
Red meat allergy is caused by an _____ response to ______.
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acute onset with skin/mucosal involvement and at least respiratory compromise or hypotension
How is Anaphylaxis clinically diagnosed?
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a
Which anaphylactic medication is the agent of choice due to it having no contraindications?
a) epinephrine
b) diphenhydramine
c) ranitidine
d) beta 2 agonist
e) corticosteroid
f) iv fluid w dopamine
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HLA-B* 57: 01
-the polymorphism that is responsible for Abacavir hypersensitivity reactions.
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d
What type of reaction is HLA-B 57: 01?
a) type 1
b) type 2
c) type 3
d) type 4
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MHC-1
Hypersensitivity to abacavir is immunologically mediated and driven by _______ antigen presentation.
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d
Which pharmacologic treatment is given to patients with airway obstruction?
a) epinephrine
b) diphenhydramine
c) ranitidine
d) beta 2 agonist
e) corticosteroid
f) iv fluid w dopamine
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e
Which pharmacologic treatment is used to limit rebound reactions?
a) epinephrine
b) diphenhydramine
c) ranitidine
d) beta 2 agonist
e) corticosteroid
f) iv fluid w dopamine
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f
Which pharmacologic treatment is used in patients with low BP?
a) epinephrine
b) diphenhydramine
c) ranitidine
d) beta 2 agonist
e) corticosteroid
f) iv fluid w dopamine
