Hydrology

The Main European Watershed is the drainage divide which separates the basins of the rivers that empty into the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea from those that feed the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea.

Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface.

Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle.

Fresh water is naturally occurring water on Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams.

Saltstraumen is a small strait with one of the strongest tidal currents in the world.

Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful.

In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and canals or even on small puddles and ponds.

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers.

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water (see also soil salinity).

A storm drain, storm sewer (US), surface water drain/sewer (UK), or stormwater drain (Australia and New Zealand) is designed to drain excess rain and ground water from impervious surfaces such as paved streets, car parks, parking lots, footpaths, sidewalks, and roofs.

A seiche (/ˈseɪʃ/ SAYSH) is a standing wave in an enclosed or partially enclosed body of water.

A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks.

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre).

Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity.

A stream gauge, streamgage or gauging station is a location used by hydrologists or environmental scientists to monitor and test terrestrial bodies of water.

This is a list of major floods.

The relief ratio is a number calculated to describe the grade of a river or stream.

The BHS publishes a newsletter (Circulation) and has adopted an international peer-reviewed publication as its journal (Hydrology Research, first published in 1970, is published in partnership by the BHS and the Nordic Association for Hydrology, and is also the official journal of the German and Italian hydrological societies).

Forest Technology Systems, Ltd.

Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem.

The H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, commonly referred to as Andrews Forest, is located near Blue River, Oregon, United States, and is managed cooperatively by the United States Forest Service's Pacific Northwest Research Station, Oregon State University, and the Willamette National Forest.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to hydrology: Hydrology – study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.

Snow hydrology is a scientific study in the field of hydrology which focuses on the composition, dispersion, and movement of snow and ice.

A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in Australian deserts.

Groundwater (or ground water) is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.

A drainage basin or catchment basin is an extent or an area of land where all surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean.

Ice is water frozen into a solid state.

Fluid conductance is a measure of how effectively fluids are transported through a medium or a region.

The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway West Closure Complex is a part of the New Orleans Drainage System; it consists of a navigable floodgate, a pumping station, flood walls, sluice gates, foreshore protection, and an earthen levee.

The Journal of Hydrologic Engineering is a monthly engineering journal, that was first published by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1996.

Arctic sea ice decline is the sea ice loss observed in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean.

In hydrology, a water balance equation can be used to describe the flow of water in and out of a system.

Freshwater environmental quality parameters are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change.

An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer.

Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, fruit, or wood.

The National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, or NCED, is an NSF Science and Technology Center- a collaborativepartnership among educational, research, and public/private entities that aims to create new knowledge of significant benefit to society.

In meteorology, "precipitation types" can include the character or phase of the precipitation which is falling to ground level.

Dock Road Edwardian Pumping Station is a sewage pumping station in Northwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom.

Drainage in New Orleans, Louisiana, has been a major concern since the founding of the city in the early 18th century, remaining an important factor in the history of New Orleans today.

Application references :

SaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules.