Human evolution

The genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focuses on Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups and Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.

Posthuman or post-human is a concept originating in the fields of science fiction, futurology, contemporary art, and philosophy that literally means a person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human.

In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans, also called the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA), the "recent single-origin hypothesis" (RSOH), "replacement hypothesis," or "recent African origin model" (RAO), is the most widely accepted model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans.

Earliest human migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the migration out of Africa of Homo erectus.

Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.

Language development is a process starting early in human life.

<section begin=lead />The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.

A population bottleneck (or genetic bottleneck) is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).

Human enhancement is "any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means.

The origin of language in the human species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.

Monogenism or sometimes monogenesis is the theory of human origins which posits a common descent for all human races.

A super race is a future race of improved humans that it is proposed be created from present-day human beings by deploying various means such as eugenics, euthenics, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and/or brain-computer interfacing to accelerate the process of human evolution.

Microcephalin (MCPH1) is a gene that is expressed during fetal brain development.

Australopithecines are generally all species in the related Australopithecus and Paranthropus genera, and it typically includes Kenyanthropus, Ardipithecus, and Praeanthropus.

The social effects of evolutionary thought have been considerable.

Persistence hunting (sometimes called endurance hunting or cursorial hunting) is a hunting technique in which hunters, who may be slower than their prey over short distances, use a combination of running, walking, and tracking to pursue prey until it is exhausted.

Evolutionary aesthetics refers to evolutionary psychology theories in which the basic aesthetic preferences of Homo sapiens are argued to have evolved in order to enhance survival and reproductive success.

The term anatomically modern humans (AMH) or anatomically modern Homo sapiens (AMHS) refers in paleoanthropology to individual members of the species Homo sapiens with an appearance consistent with the range of phenotypes in modern humans.

The evolution of human intelligence is closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language.

The emergence of religious behavior by the Neolithic period has been discussed in terms of evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion, as well as evidence for spirituality or cultic behaviour in the Upper Paleolithic, and similarities in great ape behaviour.

The grandmother hypothesis is a theory to explain the existence of menopause in human life history by identifying the adaptive value of extended kin networking.

Sexual selection in humans concerns the concept of sexual selection, introduced by Charles Darwin as an element of his theory of natural selection, as it affects humans.

In human mitochondrial genetics, L is the mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup that is at the root of the human mtDNA phylogenetic tree.