2023-03-08T21:33:10+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true The cns is protected by..., What surrounds the CNS?, The gray matter is made up of..., white matter is made up of..., The cortex of the brain is made up of gray or white matter?, Neurotransmitters are also known as..., What are the four major regions of the brain?, Requirements of the CNS., CNS accounts for what percent of body weight?, The CNS needs about what percent of cardiac output? What does this imply?, True or False: the CNS is sensitive to toxins., The cerebrum accounts for what percent of brain mass?, List the functions of the cerebrum. (5), What divides the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum?, How are the cerebral hemispheres connected?, What seperated the two cerebral hemispheres?, What are the convulutions of the cerebrum called? (2), The medulla is composed of ____ matter, What is the purpose of the convulutions of the cerebrum?, The cranial meninges, listed from deepest (closest to the brain) to superficial (farthest from the brain and closest to the skull), are the..., pia mater is made up of..., What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?, Function of frontal lobe:, Parietal; , Temporal; , Occiptal; , Insula; , The ________ gyrus is located behind the central sulcus and is responsible for..., The __________ gyrus is located in front or anteriorly to the central sulcus is responsible for..., List features of the white matter of cerebrum: (3), Where are association fibers located?, Where are commissural fibers located?, Describe projection fibers., What transmit impulses from cerebrum to spinal cord and from spinal cord to cerebrum?, Basal nuclei is found where?, Describe basal nuclei..., The thalamus is part of what brain structure?, Describe the thalamus, Language processing is normally located where on the cerebrum?, What is the motor speech area also known as?, The function of the motor speech area is to..., The motor speech area or broca's area is located where?, What is the wernicke's area responsible for? Where is located?, What is the angular gyrus responsible for? Where is it located, Describe the thalamus.(3), Describe the hypothalamus and pituitary gland common functions (3), Describe the functions of the epithalamus., List the four components of the diencephalon., The corpora quadrigemina is made up of the..., The hypothalamus functions as the ____________ center., True or false: the pituitary is directed by hypothalamus., The pineal body produces what common hormone?, The pituitary gland is attached at a structure called the..., What skull structure holds the pituitary gland?, What are the two parts the pituitary gland can be divided into?, The mesencephalon or midbrain houses nuclei for, Function of superior colliculi, Function of inferior colliculi, What is the function of red nucleus?, What is the function of the substantia nigra?, What are the three main structures found in the midbrain? (3), List main components of brain stem: (3), The metencephalon consists of what two structures?, Describe pons:, What is the second largest structure in the brain after the cerebrum?, The cerebellum consists of ___ hemispheres, The cerebellum has a thin outer cerebellar _____., What structure connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain?, Function of cerebellum, the cerebellum is or is not part of brainstem?, Define decussation, Describe the medulla oblangata nuclei and tracts:, True or False: The medulla oblongata has many descussations. , The medulla oblongata relays to the _________ (nucleus gracilis and cuneatus), The medulla oblongata has __________ centers for visceral functions, The medulla oblongata has some triangular elevations called..., Describe the limbic system (4), What is a fornix?, Limbic system:, What is reticular formation? *3*, Were is reticular formation found?, Reticular formation is involved in the response to..., The subarachnoid space is filled with what?, The pia mater is highly..., The dura mater is in contact with..., Dura mater in brain has two layers (dural sinus) and is ___ found on the meninges of the spinal cord, Spinal Cord Meninges:, What are the ventricles of the brain?, Where is the lateral ventricle found?, Where is the third ventricle found?, Where is the fourth ventricle found?, Where is the central canal found?, What is the mesencephalic aqueduct also known as?, How does CSF exit?, How is CSF produced?, ________ cells aid in CSF movement, How does CSF return to circulation?, The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but instead coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is which of the following? a. medulla oblongata b. cerebrum c. cerebellum d. diencephalon, 3. The visual reflex center is housed within which structure? a. cerebellum b. superior colliculus c. hypothalamus d. pons, After a severe blow to the head, a patient suddenly does not experience sensations of hunger and seems unable to tell if he is dehydrated. The attending physician should suspect damage to or a lesion within what general region of the brain? a. frontal lobe b. medulla oblongata c. Wernicke area d. hypothalamus flashcards
Human Anatomy Chapter 15-CNS

Human Anatomy Chapter 15-CNS

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  • The cns is protected by...
    a bony encasement and connective tissue called meninges
  • What surrounds the CNS?
     Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • The gray matter is made up of...
    neuron cell bodies
  • white matter is made up of...
    myelinated axons
  • The cortex of the brain is made up of gray or white matter?
    gray
  • Neurotransmitters are also known as...
    neuropeptides
  • What are the four major regions of the brain?
    -cerebrum -diencephalon -brain stem -cerebellum
    -cerebrum -diencephalon -brain stem -cerebellum
  • Requirements of the CNS.
    Communication, metabolism
  • CNS accounts for what percent of body weight?
    2
  • The CNS needs about what percent of cardiac output? What does this imply?
    20%; large metabolic demand
  • True or False: the CNS is sensitive to toxins.
    true
  • The cerebrum accounts for what percent of brain mass?
    80%
  • List the functions of the cerebrum. (5)
    • Perception of sensations • Initiate movement • Memory • Thought & reason • Emotion
  • What divides the frontal and parietal lobes of the cerebrum?
    central sulcus
  • How are the cerebral hemispheres connected?
    corpus callosum
  • What seperated the two cerebral hemispheres?
    longitudinal cerebral fissure
  • What are the convulutions of the cerebrum called? (2)
    gyri-folds sulci-grooves
  • The medulla is composed of ____ matter
    white
  • What is the purpose of the convulutions of the cerebrum?
    increase surface area
  • The cranial meninges, listed from deepest (closest to the brain) to superficial (farthest from the brain and closest to the skull), are the...
     pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater
  • pia mater is made up of...
    areoloar c.t, highly vascularized
  • What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?
    Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Insula
  • Function of frontal lobe:
     initiates voluntary movement
  • Parietal; 
    responds to sensory stimuli
  • Temporal; 
    auditory sensations
  • Occiptal; 
    visual sensations.
  • Insula; 
    not on surface; memory function
  • The ________ gyrus is located behind the central sulcus and is responsible for...
    postcentral, somatosensory processing
  • The __________ gyrus is located in front or anteriorly to the central sulcus is responsible for...
    precentral, controlling voluntary movements on the opposite of the body
  • List features of the white matter of cerebrum: (3)
    -association fibers -commissural fibers -projection fibers
  • Where are association fibers located?
    within a cerebral hemisphere
  • Where are commissural fibers located?
    b/w cerebral hemispheres
  • Describe projection fibers.
    ascending and descending tracts
  • What transmit impulses from cerebrum to spinal cord and from spinal cord to cerebrum?
    projection tracts
  • Basal nuclei is found where?
    deep cerebrum
  • Describe basal nuclei...
    mass of gray matter deep to cerebrum control involuntary movement of skeletal muscle
  • The thalamus is part of what brain structure?
    diencephalon
  • Describe the thalamus
    relay center (sensory stimuli) between cerebrum and other brain areas
  • Language processing is normally located where on the cerebrum?
    Left hemisphere
  • What is the motor speech area also known as?
    Broca's area
  • The function of the motor speech area is to...
    translate thought patterns into speech
  • The motor speech area or broca's area is located where?
  • What is the wernicke's area responsible for? Where is located?
    concept of words
    concept of words
  • What is the angular gyrus responsible for? Where is it located
    center for integration of auditory, visual, and somatesthetic information 
    center for integration of auditory, visual, and somatesthetic information 
  • Describe the thalamus.(3)
    -paired organ -gray matter -sensory relay to cerebym -autonomic response to intense pain
  • Describe the hypothalamus and pituitary gland common functions (3)
    Regulation of visceral activity Emotional and instinctual functions Secretes hormones
  • Describe the functions of the epithalamus.
    Neuroendocrine function (via pineal gland)
  • List the four components of the diencephalon.
    thalamus hypothalamus epithalmus pituitary
  • The corpora quadrigemina is made up of the...
    superior and inferior colliculi
  • The hypothalamus functions as the ____________ center.
    homeostatic
  • True or false: the pituitary is directed by hypothalamus.
    true
  • The pineal body produces what common hormone?
    melatonin
  • The pituitary gland is attached at a structure called the...
    infundibulum
  • What skull structure holds the pituitary gland?
    sella turcica
  • What are the two parts the pituitary gland can be divided into?
    adenohypophysis (anterior, gray) neurohypophysis (posterior, white)
  • The mesencephalon or midbrain houses nuclei for
    autonomic functions
  • Function of superior colliculi
    They are called visual reflex centers because they help visually track moving objects and control reflexes such as turning the eyes and head in response to a visual stimulus. 
  • Function of inferior colliculi
    auditory reflex center ex: BANG!=you turning at noise
  • What is the function of red nucleus?
    -motor coordination -maintain posture
  • What is the function of the substantia nigra?
    inhibit forced involuntary movements.
  • What are the three main structures found in the midbrain? (3)
    -corpora quadrigemina -red nucleus -substantia nigra
  • List main components of brain stem: (3)
    -midbrain -pons -medulla oblongata
  • The metencephalon consists of what two structures?
    pons and cerebellum
  • Describe pons:
    -bulge on inferior surface of brain -two sets of white matter tracts -nuclei of cranial nerves -respiratory centers -peduncles carry fibers to cerebellum
  • What is the second largest structure in the brain after the cerebrum?
    cerebellum
  • The cerebellum consists of ___ hemispheres
    two
  • The cerebellum has a thin outer cerebellar _____.
    cortex
  • What structure connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain?
    cerebellar peduncles
  • Function of cerebellum
    coordinates skeletal muscle contraction (movement)
  • the cerebellum is or is not part of brainstem?
    IS NOT
  • Define decussation
    Decussation refers to a crossing within the central nervous systen
  • Describe the medulla oblangata nuclei and tracts:
    form all descending and ascending connections between spinal cord and brain
  • True or False: The medulla oblongata has many descussations. 
    true
  • The medulla oblongata relays to the _________ (nucleus gracilis and cuneatus)
    thalamus
  • The medulla oblongata has __________ centers for visceral functions
    autonomic
  • The medulla oblongata has some triangular elevations called...
    pyramids
    pyramids
  • Describe the limbic system (4)
    • The limbic system is composed of multiple cerebral and diencephalic structures. • It processes and experiences emotions. • It is involved in motivation, emotion, and memory with an emotional association. • It affects memory formation by integrating past memories of physical sensations with emotional states.
  • What is a fornix?
    Fornix-group of communicating fibers
  • Limbic system:
  • What is reticular formation? *3*
    -The reticular formation is a network of neurons that spans across the brainstem. It is involved in many functions such as consciousness, sensory and motor function, emotion processing, cardiovascular control, and more. -Function in arousing the cerebrum -Generate a continuous flow of impulses 
  • Were is reticular formation found?
    spinal cord, pons, midbrain, thalamus
  • Reticular formation is involved in the response to...
    environment
  • The subarachnoid space is filled with what?
    cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
  • The pia mater is highly...
    vascular
  • The dura mater is in contact with...
    bone (periosteal layer).
  • Dura mater in brain has two layers (dural sinus) and is ___ found on the meninges of the spinal cord
    not
  • Spinal Cord Meninges:
    Epidural space (no connection between dura and vertebrae)Denticulate ligaments
  • What are the ventricles of the brain?
    lateral ventricle (left and right) third ventricle fourth ventricle central canal
  • Where is the lateral ventricle found?
    cerebrum
  • Where is the third ventricle found?
    diencephalon
  • Where is the fourth ventricle found?
    Between pons and cerebellum
  • Where is the central canal found?
    spinal cord
  • What is the mesencephalic aqueduct also known as?
    cerebral aqueduct
  • How does CSF exit?
    nfourth ventricle through three foramina: nMedian aperature nTwo lateral aperatures
  • How is CSF produced?
    nproduced by filtration of blood plasma through specialized capillaries – choroid plexus
  • ________ cells aid in CSF movement
    ependymal
  • How does CSF return to circulation?
    nreturns to circulation through arachnoid villi (specialized venous capillaries)
  • The subdivision of the brain that does not initiate somatic motor movements, but instead coordinates and fine-tunes those movements is which of the following? a. medulla oblongata b. cerebrum c. cerebellum d. diencephalon
    c. cerebellum
  • 3. The visual reflex center is housed within which structure? a. cerebellum b. superior colliculus c. hypothalamus d. pons
    b. superior colliculus
  • After a severe blow to the head, a patient suddenly does not experience sensations of hunger and seems unable to tell if he is dehydrated. The attending physician should suspect damage to or a lesion within what general region of the brain? a. frontal lobe b. medulla oblongata c. Wernicke area d. hypothalamus
    d. hypothalamus