2023-12-11T21:14:49+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What are hormones?</p>, <p>Where are hormones released from?</p>, <p>What do hormones bind to?</p>, <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone</p>, <p>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</p>, <p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)</p>, <p>Luteinising hormone (LH)</p>, <p>Prolactin</p>, <p>Growth Hormone</p>, <p>Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)</p>, <p>Oxytocin</p>, <p>Insulin</p>, <p>Glucagon</p>, <p>Somatostatin</p>, <p>Adrenaline (Epinephrine)</p>, <p>Cortisol</p>, <p>Aldosterone</p>, <p>Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)</p>, <p>Calcitonin</p>, <p>Parathyroid hormone</p>, <p>Oestrogen and Progesterone</p>, <p>Testosterone</p>, <p>Types of hormone stimuli</p>, <p>What is a circulating hormone?</p>, <p>What is a locally acting hormone?</p> flashcards
Hormones
  • What are hormones?

    Chemical messages that travel from glands, through the blood, to different organs.

  • Where are hormones released from?

    The endocrine glands.

  • What do hormones bind to?

    Receptors.

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone

    Stimulates the adrenal gland.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone

    Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

    Stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Luteinising hormone (LH)

    Controls the development of follicles in the ovaries.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Prolactin

    Stimulates milk production.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Growth Hormone

    Regulates tissue repair and promotes growth.

    Pituitary gland (anterior)

  • Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

    Directly acts on kidneys and blood vessels, controlling the amount of water content in the blood which helps maintain homeostasis via osmoregulation.

    Pituitary gland (posterior)

  • Oxytocin

    Causes contactions during parturition.

    Pituitary gland (posterior)

  • Insulin

    Lowers blood glucose.

    Pancreas

  • Glucagon

    Raises blood glucose.

    Pancreas

  • Somatostatin

    Prevents large fluctuations in blood glucose levels.

    Pancreas

  • Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

    Triggers 'fight or flight' response.

    Adrenal gland (medulla)

  • Cortisol

    A 'stress hormone' which gives the body an energy boost by controlling the way the body processes nutrients.

    Adrenal gland (cortex)

  • Aldosterone

    Contributes to osmoregulation. Regulates the balance of salt/water in the blood by instructing the kidney to remove or release certain salts from the blood.

    Adrenal gland (cortex)

  • Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)

    Influence growth, and control metabolism speed.

    Thyroid

  • Calcitonin

    Moderates calcium blood levels. Stimulates the absorption of calcium by the bones.

    Thyroid

  • Parathyroid hormone

    Regulates calcium blood levels. Raises calcium levels if they are too low.

    Parathyroid

  • Oestrogen and Progesterone

    Develop secondary sex characteristics (mammary glands), prepare the uterus for pregnancy, maintains the pregnancy and stops the animal coming into heat during gestation.

    Ovaries

  • Testosterone

    Promotes sperm production, develops secondary sex characteristics (facial hair in human males), and is involved in male sexual development and behaviour (aggression, territorial behaviour).

    Testes

  • Types of hormone stimuli

    Nerve impulses (adrenaline), stimulating hormone (thyroid-stimulating hormone), chemicals in the blood (glucose), and feedback loops (oestrogen preventing further secretion of FSH).

  • What is a circulating hormone?

    Circulating hormones are hormones which travel through the body. (Histamines, produced by cells when they detect foreign material and are part of the immune response).

  • What is a locally acting hormone?

    Locally acting hormones effect one area/organ. (Insulin produced by the pancreas only acts on the liver).