History of psychiatry

William Halse Rivers Rivers, FRCP, FRS, (12 March 1864 – 4 June 1922) was an English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist and psychiatrist, best known for his work treating World War I officers who were suffering from shell shock.

Gustav Huguenin (17 July 1840 - 6 February 1920) was a Swiss internist and pathologist who was a native of Krauchthal.

Vincenzo Chiarugi (1759–1820) was an Italian physician who helped introduce humanitarian reforms to the psychiatric hospital care of people with mental disorders.

The Hampshire County Lunatic Asylum, later Knowle Mental Hospital and Knowle Hospital, was a psychiatric hospital in the village of Knowle near the town of Fareham in Hampshire, southern England, opened in 1852 and closed in 1996.

Hugh Welch Diamond (1809 – June 21, 1886) was an early British psychiatrist and photographer who made a major contribution to the craft of psychiatric photography.

Helene Deutsch (née Rosenbach; October 9, 1884 – March 29, 1982) was an Austrian-born Polish American psychoanalyst and colleague of Sigmund Freud.

Theodor Reik (German: [ʀaɪk]; 12 May 1888, Vienna – 31 December 1969, New York) was a prominent psychoanalyst who trained as one of Freud's first students in Vienna, Austria, and was a pioneer of lay analysis in the United States.

Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Roller (11 January 1802 – 3 January 1878) was a German psychiatrist born in Pforzheim.

Matthias Heinrich Göring (5 April 1879, Düsseldorf – 24/25 July 1945, Posen) was a German psychiatrist, born in Düsseldorf.

Brislington House (now known as Long Fox Manor) was built as a private lunatic asylum.

The Pearson-Marr Archetype Indicator (PMAI) is a self-test psychological personality inventory based in psychologist Carl Gustav Jung's notions of personality types and archetypes with heavy influences from the works of mythology scholar Joseph Campbell, such as his description of the archetypal monomyth in his seminal work The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949).

The Retreat, commonly known as the York Retreat, is a place in England for the treatment of people with mental health needs.

This article is about the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.

Giorgio Antonucci (Lucca, 1933) is an Italian physician, known for his questioning of the basis of psychiatry.

James Cowles Prichard, MD FRS (11 February 1786 – 23 December 1848) was an English physician and ethnologist with broad interests in physical anthropology and psychiatry.

The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) is an association including 12,000 psychoanalysts as members and works with 70 constituent organizations.

Ernst Rüdin (April 19, 1874 in St. Gallen – October 22, 1952) was a Swiss-born German psychiatrist, geneticist, eugenicist and Nazi.

Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason (French: Folie et Déraison: Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique) is a 1964 abridged edition of a 1961 book by French philosopher Michel Foucault.

The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature is a book by Harvard University psychologist and philosopher William James.

Female hysteria was a once-common medical diagnosis, reserved exclusively for women, which is today no longer recognized by medical authorities as a medical disorder.

Edward George Glover (13 January 1888 – 16 August 1972) was a British psychoanalyst.

Carl Schneider (December 19, 1891 in Gembitz, Kreis Mogilno, Province of Posen – December 11, 1946 in Frankfurt am Main), professor at Heidelberg University, (1933–1945) chairman of its department of Psychiatry, director of its clinic, was a senior researcher for the Action T4 euthanasia program.

Joseph D'Aquin (14 January 1732 – 11 July 1815) was an early pioneer in the field of psychiatry.

Sir Aubrey Julian Lewis, FRCP, FRCPsych (8 November 1900 – 21 January 1975), was the first Professor of Psychiatry at the Institute of Psychiatry, London (now part of King's College London), and is credited with being a driving force behind the flowering of British psychiatry after World War II as well as raising the profile of the profession worldwide.

William Tuke (24 March 1732 – 1822) was an English businessman, philanthropist and Quaker.

Sir John Charles Bucknill FRS (25 December 1817 – 19 July 1897) was an English psychiatrist and mental health reformer.

James Tilly Matthews (1770 – 10 January 1815) was a London tea broker, originally from Wales and of Huguenot descent, who was committed to Bethlem (colloquially Bedlam) psychiatric hospital in 1797.

Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations.

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation is an 1844 work of speculative natural history and philosophy by Robert Chambers.

The Glore Psychiatric Museum is a museum located in St.

Eliot Trevor Oakeshott Slater MD (28 August 1904 – 15 May 1983), was a British psychiatrist who was a pioneer in the field of the genetics of mental disorders.

Felix Plaut (1877–1940) was a German psychiatrist who was director of the Department of Serology at the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in Munich.

German E. Berrios FMedSci is a Professor of Psychiatry at Cambridge University in the UK.

Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (September 17, 1806 in Boulogne-sur-Mer – September 15, 1875 in Paris) was a French neurologist who revived Galvani's research and greatly advanced the science of electrophysiology.

Social degeneration was a widely influential concept at the interface of the social and biological sciences in the 19th century.

Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability.

Carl Alfred Meier (19 April 1905 – 1995) was a Swiss psychiatrist, Jungian psychologist, scholar, and first president of the C.

Heinrich Gross (14 November 1915 – 15 December 2005) was an Austrian psychiatrist, medical doctor and neurologist, a reputed expert as a leading court-appointed psychiatrist, ill-famed for his proven involvement in the killing of at least nine children with physical, mental and/or emotional/behavioral characteristics considered "unclean" by the Nazi regime, under its Euthanasia Program.

Sir David Ferrier FRS (13 January 1843 – 19 March 1928) was a pioneering Scottish neurologist and psychologist.

Degeneration (Entartung, 1892), is a book by Max Nordau in which he attacks what he believed to be degenerate art and comments on the effects of a range of social phenomena of the period, such as rapid urbanization and its perceived effects on the human body.

Sir Frederick Walker Mott KBE MD FRCP FRS LLD (23 October 1853 Brighton, Sussex – 8 June 1926 Birmingham, Warwickshire) was one of the pioneers of biochemistry in Britain.

George Combe (21 October 1788 – 14 August 1858) was the leader of – and the spokesman for – the phrenological movement for more than twenty years.

Sir George Henry Savage (1842–1921) was a prominent English psychiatrist.

Sigbert Josef Maria Ganser (24 January 1853, Rhaunen, Rhine Province – 4 January 1931, Dresden, Saxony) was a German psychiatrist born in Rhaunen.

Sandor Rado (Hungarian: Radó Sándor; 8 January 1890, Kisvárda – 14 May 1972, New York City) was a Hungarian psychoanalyst of the second generation, who moved to United States of America in the thirties.

Oscar Gustave Rejlander (Sweden, 1813 – Clapham, London, 18 January 1875) was a pioneering Victorian art photographer and an expert in photomontage.

The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is a book by Charles Darwin, published in 1872, concerning genetically determined aspects of behaviour.

Body image is a person's perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body.

Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds is a history of popular folly by Scottish journalist Charles Mackay, first published in 1841.

Henry Maudsley FRCP (5 February 1835 – 23 January 1918) was a pioneering British psychiatrist, commemorated in the Maudsley Hospital in London and in the annual Maudsley Lecture of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Adolf Meyer (September 13, 1866 – March 17, 1950) was a psychiatrist who rose to prominence as the first psychiatrist-in-chief of the Johns Hopkins Hospital (1910-1941).

Ladislas Joseph Meduna (27 March 1896 – 31 October 1964), the Hungarian psychiatrist and neuropathologist, chemically induced grand mal epileptic seizures as treatment for schizophrenia.

Dr William Alexander Francis Browne (1805–1885) was one of the most significant asylum doctors of the nineteenth century.

William Claire Menninger (October 15, 1899 – September 6, 1966) was a co-founder with his brother Karl and his father of The Menninger Foundation in Topeka, Kansas, which is an internationally known center for treatment of behavioral disorders.

Bethlehemites, or Bethlemites, is a name that has many different meanings.

Political abuse of psychiatry is the misuse of psychiatry, including diagnosis, detention, and treatment, for the purposes of obstructing the human rights of individuals and/or groups in a society.

Madhouse: A Tragic Tale of Megalomania and Modern Medicine is a 2005 book by the psychiatric sociologist Andrew Scull which discusses the work of controversial psychiatrist Henry Cotton at Trenton State Hospital in New Jersey in the 1920s.

The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London.

Hermann Paul Nitsche (November 25, 1876 – March 25, 1948) was a German psychiatrist known for his expert endorsement of the Third Reich's euthanasia authorization and who later headed the Medical Office of the T-4 Euthanasia Program.

Arnold Pick (20 July 1851 – 4 April 1924) was a Jewish Czech psychiatrist.

Hermann Oppenheim (1 January 1858 – 5 May 1919) was one of the leading neurologists in Germany.

The Protest Psychosis: How Schizophrenia Became a Black Disease is a 2010 book written by psychiatrist Jonathan Metzl (who also has a Ph.D. in American studies), and published by Beacon Press, covering the history of the 1960s Ionia State Hospital—located in Ionia, Michigan and converted into the Ionia Correctional Facility in 1986.

Ben-Ami Finkelstein (born in 1910) was a psychiatrist.

Margarete Hilferding, born Hönigsberg (June 20, 1871– September 23, 1942) was an Austrian teacher, doctor, and individual psychologist.

Benjamin Ball (April 20, 1833 – February 23, 1893) was an English-born French psychiatrist, Professor of Mental Medicine in the Paris Faculty.

Gladys Swain (1945–1993) was a French psychiatrist who is remembered today for her books about the history of Psychiatry and her critique of the views of Michel Foucault on the changing attitudes towards madness in western civilization.

The Traverse City State Hospital of Traverse City, Michigan has been variously known as the Northern Michigan Asylum and the Traverse City Regional Psychiatric Hospital.

Max Simon Nordau (born Simon Maximilian Südfeld; July 29, 1849 – January 23, 1923), was a Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic.

Charles Henry Howell FRIBA (c.1824 – 1905) was the principal architect of lunatic asylums in England during much of the Victorian era.

Sir James Crichton-Browne MD FRS FRSE (29 November 1840 – 31 January 1938) was a leading British psychiatrist, neurologist and medical psychologist.

Samuel Willard (April 13, 1748 – March 7, 1801) was an American physician who established the first hospital for mental illness in the USA.

Samuel Tuke (31 July 1784–14 October 1857) was a Quaker philanthropist and mental-health reformer.