Hematology

Hemolytic anemia or haemolytic anaemia is a form of anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs), either in the blood vessels (intravascular hemolysis) or elsewhere in the human body (extravascular).

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood.

Platelet-activating factor, also known as PAF, PAF-acether or AGEPC (acetyl-glyceryl-ether-phosphorylcholine), is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, platelet aggregation and degranulation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.

Haemochromatosis (or hemochromatosis) type 1 (also HFE hereditary haemochromatosis or HFE-related hereditary haemochromatosis) is a hereditary disease characterized by excessive intestinal absorption of dietary iron resulting in a pathological increase in total body iron stores.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.

Leukocytosis is white cells (the leukocyte count) above the normal range in the blood.

Hematidrosis, also calledblood sweat is a very rare condition in which a human sweats blood.

Anisocytosis is a medical term meaning that a patient's red blood cells are of unequal size.

Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

A bruise, or contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue in which capillaries and sometimes venules are damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).

A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.

Pica is characterized by an appetite for substances that are largely non-nutritive, such as ice (pagophagia); hair (trichophagia); paper (papyrophagia); drywall or paint; metal (metallophagia); stones (lithophagia) or earth (geophagia); glass (hyalophagia); or feces (coprophagia); and chalk.

Polycythemia (or Polycythaemia, see spelling differences) vera (PV) (also known as erythremia, primary polycythemia, Vaquez disease, Osler-Vaquez disease and polycythemia rubra vera) is a neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells.

Iron-deficiency anemia, also spelled iron-deficiency anaemia, is anemia caused by a lack of iron.

Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia (lowered white blood cell count), most commonly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood.

Apheresis (ἀφαίρεσις (aphairesis, "a taking away")) is a medical technology in which the blood of a person is passed through an apparatus that separates out one particular constituent and returns the remainder to the circulation.

Hematoporphyrin (Photodyn, Sensibion) is an endogenous porphyrin formed by the acid hydrolysis of hemoglobin.

Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.

Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood’s ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired.

Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen.

Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunisation, Rh (D) disease, rhesus incompatibility, rhesus disease, RhD hemolytic disease of the newborn, rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn or RhD HDN) is a type of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Tamponade is the closure or blockage (as of a wound or body cavity) by or as if by a tampon, especially to stop bleeding.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), also known as disseminated intravascular coagulopathy or less commonly as consumptive coagulopathy, is a pathological process characterized by the widespread activation of the clotting cascade that results in the formation of blood clots in the small blood vessels throughout the body.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, HDN, HDFN, or erythroblastosis fetalis, is an alloimmune condition that develops in a fetus, when the IgG molecules (one of the five main types of antibodies) produced by the mother pass through the placenta.

Methemoglobinemia (or methaemoglobinaemia) is a disorder characterized by the presence of a higher than normal level of methemoglobin (metHb, i.e., ferric [Fe3+] rather than ferrous [Fe2+] haemoglobin) in the blood.

Deep vein thrombosis, or deep venous thrombosis, (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a deep vein, most commonly the legs.

Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage).

An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.

Thrombosis (Greek: θρόμβωσις) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus; Greek: θρόμβος) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is the development of thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count), due to the administration of various forms of heparin, an anticoagulant.

Thrombophlebitis is phlebitis (vein inflammation) related to a thrombus, which is a blood clot.

Hypoproteinemia (or hypoproteinaemia) is a condition where there is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood.

Factor VII (EC 3.4.21.21, blood-coagulation factor VIIa, activated blood coagulation factor VII, formerly known as proconvertin) is one of the proteins that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade.

Factor X, also known by the eponym Stuart–Prower factor, is an enzyme (EC 3.4.21.6) of the coagulation cascade.

Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, the activated form of which plays an important role in regulating anticoagulation, inflammation, cell death, and maintaining the permeability of blood vessel walls in humans and other animals.

Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood.

Basophilia is a condition where the basophil quantity is abnormally elevated (more than 1010 basophils per liter of blood).

Cigar cells (also referred to as pencil cells) are red blood cells that are cigar or pencil shaped on Peripheral blood smear.

An azurophilic granule is a cellular object readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain.

Hepcidin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAMP gene.

Complement component 4 (C4), in humans, is a protein involved in the intricate complement system, originating from the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system.

A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.

Theta-defensins (θ-defensins. retrocyclins) are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides.

Leucogenenol is a blood cell stimulating secondary metabolite isolated from the mold Penicillium gilmanii.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immunodeficiency resulting in recurrent infections.

Divicine (2,6-diamino-4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine) is an oxidant and a base with alkaloidal properties found in fava beans and Lathyrus sativus.

1q21.1 deletion syndrome or 1q21.

Erythroferrone is a protein hormone, abbreviated as ERFE, encoded in humans by the FAM132B gene.