Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning

Underfloor heating and cooling is a form of central heating and cooling which achieves indoor climate control for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation and convection.

Heating or cooling of processes, equipment, or enclosed environments are within the purview of thermal engineering.

In building design, thermal mass is a property of the mass of a building which enables it to store heat, providing "inertia" against temperature fluctuations.

A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated.

The thermal design power (TDP), sometimes called thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat generated by a computer chip or component (often the CPU or GPU) that the cooling system in a computer is designed to dissipate in typical operation.

Refrigeration is a process of moving heat from one location to another in controlled conditions.

A geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump (GSHP) is a central heating and/or cooling system that transfers heat to or from the ground.

A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature, more so than in standard resistors.

A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature at optimal levels.

A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.

A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two different conductors forming electrical junctions at differing temperatures.

A stove is an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to provide heating, either to heat the space in which the stove is situated, or to heat the stove itself and items placed on it.

A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle.

A dehumidifier is generally a household appliance which reduces the level of humidity in the air, usually for health or comfort reasons, or to eliminate musty odor.

A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle.

A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.

Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) is a chlorofluorocarbon with chemical formula CF2CClF.

In electric power generation a combined cycle is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy, which in turn usually drives electrical generators.

Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into renewable energy for water heating using a solar thermal collector.

A thermostat is a component which senses the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint.

A bimetallic strip is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement.

Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components and industrial equipment.

An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid.

A heat pipe is a heat-transfer device that combines the principles of both thermal conductivity and phase transition to efficiently manage the transfer of heat between two solid interfaces.

The International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) (also known, in French, as the Institut International du Froid (IIF)), is an independent intergovernmental science and technology based organization which promotes knowledge of refrigeration and associated technologies and applications on a global scale that improve quality of life in a cost effective and environmentally sustainable manner including:

Other Types of Condensers In the world of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC), condensers happen to be a topic of great importance.

A plenum space is a part of a building that can facilitate air circulation for heating and air conditioning systems, by providing pathways for either heated/conditioned or return airflows, usually at greater than atmospheric pressure.

Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) is an air distribution strategy for providing ventilation and space conditioning in buildings as part of the design of an HVAC system.

KMC Controls (formerly Kreuter Manufacturing Company) has designed and manufactured HVAC control system products and building automation systems since 1969.

Gentherm Incorporated, formerly called Amerigon, created the first thermoelectrically heated and cooled seat system for the automotive industry.

Thermal energy storage (TES) is achieved with greatly differing technologies that collectively accommodate a wide range of needs.

Automobile air conditioning (also called A/C) systems use air conditioning to cool the air in a vehicle.

The Institute of Refrigeration is an organisation in the UK that supports the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry.

Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC) is the International Energy Agency (IEA) information centre on energy efficient ventilation of buildings.

In addition, McCabe was a rocket scientist and had worked with Boeing, MDI and NASA engineers.

Water heating is a thermodynamic process that uses an energy source to heat water above its initial temperature.

James Harrison (17 April 1816 – 3 September 1893) was a Scottish newspaper printer, journalist, politician, and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration.

The Air Conditioning Contractors of America (ACCA) is the largest HVAC contractor organization in the USA.

American Residential Services (ARS) is a United States network of plumbing, and home and commercial heating and air conditioning (HVAC) businesses, operating under the trade name ARS/Rescue Rooter.

The Federation of Environmental Trade Associations (FETA) is the recognised UK body which represents the interests of manufacturers, suppliers, installers and contractors within the heating, ventilating, refrigeration & air conditioning industry.

The Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves is a non-profit organization operating under the support of the United Nations Foundation.

In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.

Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point For most substances, the melting and freezing points are the same temperature; however, certain substances possess differing solid–liquid transition temperatures.

The National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) is a non-profit organization committed to publishing standards for safety, evaluation, and cleaning of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts.

In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect, or Joule–Thomson expansion) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while kept insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.

Radiators are heat exchangers used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.

Margaret Ingels (October 25, 1892 – December 13, 1971) was an American engineer.

Psychrometrics or psychrometry or hygrometry are terms used to describe the field of engineering concerned with the determination of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapor mixtures.

Chromalox, Inc. manufactures and supplies electric heat and control products for industrial heating applications in the U.

Displacement ventilation (DV) It is a room air distribution strategy where conditioned outdoor air is supplied at a low velocity from air supply diffusers located near floor level and extracted above the occupied zone, usually at ceiling height.

AE Smith is a commercial air-conditioning and mechanical services contractor in Australia focusing on heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, electrical, controls, fire protection, construction and commissioning.

The Building Engineering Services Association (BESA), until 2012 the Heating and Ventilating Contractors' Association, is the main UK trade association for companies that design, install, commission and maintain heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration (HVACR) and related engineering projects.

The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE; pronounced 'sib-see') is an international professional engineering association based in London that represents building services engineers.

Dantherm AS is the parent company of several companies involved in the development, production, sale, and installation of industrial air handling solutions.

ecobee is a home automation company that makes thermostats for residential and commercial use.

Vapor-Compression Refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles.