Health issues in pregnancy

Gestational diabetes also known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is when a woman without diabetes, develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy.

Cervical incompetence (or cervical insufficiency) is a medical condition in which a pregnant woman's cervix begins to dilate (widen) and efface (thin) before her pregnancy has reached term.

Rh disease (also known as rhesus isoimmunisation, Rh (D) disease, rhesus incompatibility, rhesus disease, RhD hemolytic disease of the newborn, rhesus D hemolytic disease of the newborn or RhD HDN) is a type of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Eclampsia is the onset of seizures (convulsions) in a woman with pre-eclampsia.

Obstetrical bleeding also known as obstetrical hemorrhage and maternal hemorrhage, refers to heavy bleeding during pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium.

Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is the development of new hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks gestation without the presence of protein in the urine or other signs of preeclampsia.

Congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly or congenital heart disease, is a problem in the structure of the heart that is present at birth.

Ectopic pregnancy, also known as eccyesis or tubal pregnancy, is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting such that weight loss and dehydration occur.

World Prematurity Day is observed on 17 November each year to raise awareness of preterm birth and the concerns of preterm babies and their families worldwide.

Mendelson's syndrome is chemical pneumonitis or aspiration pneumonitis caused by aspiration during anaesthesia, especially during pregnancy.

"Striae" is also a general term referring to thin, narrow grooves or channels, or a thin line or band especially if several of them are parallel or close together.

A placental site nodule, abbreviated PSN, is benign remnant from a previous pregnancy.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which is thought to arise from intermediate trophoblast.

Placental villous immaturity, also villous immaturity and villous dysmaturity, is chorionic villous development that is inappropriate for the gestational age.

Nutrition and weight management before and during pregnancy has a profound effect on the development of infants.

Villitis of unknown etiology, abbreviated VUE, is an inflammatory process that involves the chorionic villi (villitis) whose cause (etiology) is not known.

Placenta previa is an obstetric complication in which the placenta is inserted partially or wholly in the lower uterine segment.

An anembryonic gestation (also known as a blighted ovum) is a pregnancy in which the very early pregnancy appears normal on an ultrasound scan, but as the pregnancy progresses a visible embryo never develops or develops and is reabsorbed.

Ovarian pregnancy refers to an ectopic pregnancy that is located in the ovary.

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An interstitial pregnancy is a uterine but ectopic pregnancy; the pregnancy is located outside of the uterine cavity in that part of the fallopian tube that penetrates the muscular layer of the uterus.

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Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy is a chronic disorder characterized by thrombosis in the fetus leading to vascular obliteration and hypoperfusion.

Diastasis recti (also known as abdominal separation) is commonly defined as a gap of roughly 2.

Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS) is a gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) with a tendency to form chains (as reflected by the genus name Streptococcus).

Foetal cerebral redistribution or 'brain-sparing' is a diagnosis in foetal medicine.

Group B streptococcus infection is the infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (also known as group B streptococcus or GBS).

False pregnancy, phantom pregnancy, or hysterical pregnancy—officially called pseudocyesis in humans and pseudopregnancy in other mammals—is the appearance of clinical or subclinical signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy when the organism is not actually pregnant.

Morning sickness, also called nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is a symptom of pregnancy that involves nausea or vomiting.

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM), or pre-labor rupture of membranes, is a condition that can occur in pregnancy.

Uterine atony is a loss of tone in the uterine musculature.

Asherman syndrome (AS) or Fritsch syndrome, is a condition characterized by adhesions and/or fibrosis of the endometrium particularly but can also affect the myometrium.

Placental insufficiency or Utero-placental insufficiency is insufficient blood flow to the placenta during pregnancy.

Foetal-maternal haemorrhage is the loss of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation.

An abdominal pregnancy can be regarded as a form of an ectopic pregnancy where the embryo or fetus is growing and developing outside the womb in the abdomen, but not in the Fallopian tube, ovary or broad ligament.

In obstetrics, antepartum haemorrhage (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy from the 24th week (sometimes defined as from the 20th week) gestational age to term.

Placental abruption (also known as abruptio placentae) is a complication of pregnancy, wherein the placental lining has separated from the uterus of the mother prior to delivery.

Eisenmenger's syndrome (or ES, Eisenmenger's reaction, Eisenmenger physiology, or tardive cyanosis) is defined as the process in which a long-standing left-to-right cardiac shunt caused by a congenital heart defect (typically by a ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, or less commonly, patent ductus arteriosus) causes pulmonary hypertension and eventual reversal of the shunt into a cyanotic right-to-left shunt.

Meconium peritonitis refers to rupture of the bowel prior to birth, resulting in fetal stool (meconium) escaping into the surrounding space (peritoneum) leading to inflammation (peritonitis).

Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.

A heterotopic pregnancy is a rare complication of pregnancy in which both extra-uterine (ectopic pregnancy) and intrauterine pregnancy occur simultaneously.

Rho(D) immune globulin or Rh0(D) immune globulin (letter o and digit zero are both widely attested; more at Rh blood group system - Rh nomenclature) is a medicine given by intramuscular injection that is used to prevent the immunological condition known as Rh disease (or hemolytic disease of newborn).

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term used for a group of pregnancy-related tumours.

A Cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix.

Diastasis symphysis pubis is the separation of normally joined pubic bones, as in the dislocation of the bones, without a fracture.

Drug use during pregnancy can have temporary or permanent effects on the fetus.

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Chorangiosis is a placental pathology characterized by an abundance of blood vessels within the chorionic villi.

A chorangioma is a non-neoplastic, hamartoma-like growth in the placenta consisting of blood vessels.

Hypercoagulability in pregnancy is the propensity of pregnant women to develop thrombosis (blood clots).

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and a large amount of protein in the urine.