German biblical scholars

Gustav Adolf Deissmann (7 November 1866 – 5 April 1937) was a German Protestant theologian, best known for his leading work on the Greek language used in the New Testament, which he showed was the koine, or commonly used tongue of the Hellenistic world of that time.

Samson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism.

Paul Althaus (4 February 1888 – 18 May 1966) was a German Lutheran theologian.

Ferdinand Hitzig (June 23, 1807–January 22, 1875), was a German biblical critic.

Gerd Theißen (or Theissen; born 24 April 1943) is a German Protestant theologian and New Testament scholar.

Rudolf Karl Bultmann (German: [ˈbʊltman]; 20 August 1884 – 30 July 1976) was a German Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament at the University of Marburg.

Joachim Jeremias (20 September 1900 – 6 September 1979) was a German Lutheran theologian, scholar of Near Eastern Studies and university professor for New Testament studies.

Bernhard Weiss (20 June 1827 – 14 January 1918) was a German Protestant New Testament scholar.

Johann Albrecht Bengel (24 June 1687 – 2 November 1752), also known as Bengelius, was a Lutheran pietist clergyman and Greek-language scholar known for his edition of the Greek New Testament and his commentaries on it.

He was born at Ulla, near Weimar, where his father was pastor.

Christian Frederick Matthaei (4 March 1744, Mücheln – 26 September 1811), a Thuringian, palaeographer, classical philologist, professor first at Wittenberg and then at Moscow.

Edouard Guillaume Eugène Reuss (German: Eduard Wilhelm Eugen Reuss; July 18, 1804 – April 15, 1891), was a Protestant theologian from Alsace.

Augustin Bea, S.J.

Martin Hengel (14 December 1926 – 2 July 2009) was a German historian of religion, focusing on the "Second Temple Period" or "Hellenistic Period" of early Judaism and Christianity.

Oscar Cullmann (25 February 1902, Strasbourg – 16 January 1999, Chamonix) was a Christian theologian in the Lutheran tradition.

Klaus Berger (born November 25, 1940 in Hildesheim) is a German academic theologian.

Hans Conzelmann (27 October 1915 – 20 June 1989) was a Protestant, German theologian and New Testament scholar.

Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (8 February 1794 – 20 October 1852) was a German Roman Catholic orientalist, biblical scholar and academic theologian.

Albert Eichhorn (Karl Albert August Ludwig Eichhorn, 1 October 1856 – 3 August 1926), the author of Das Abendmahl im Neuen Testament, was one of the founders of the history of religions school, an approach that sought to understand all religions, including Christianity and Judaism, as socio-cultural phenomena that developed in comparable ways.

Karl August Wünsche (August 22, 1838, Hainewalde bei Zittau - November 15, 1912, Dresden) was a German Christian Hebraist.

Moshe Goshen-Gottstein (Hebrew: משה גושן-גוטשטיין) (born 1925; died 1991) was a German-born professor of Semitic linguistics and biblical philology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and director of the lexicographical institute and Biblical research institute of Bar-Ilan University.

Caspar René Gregory (November 6, 1846 – April 9, 1917) was an American-born German theologian.

Michael Stephan Lattke (born 12 May 1942) is a scholar of the New Testament and early Christianity.

Peter Aloys Gratz (17 August 1769, Oy-Mittelberg – 1 November 1849) was a German schoolmaster and widely published Biblical scholar, who contributed to debates within Catholicism in the early nineteenth Century.

Joel Löwe (born in 1760; died Breslau, February 11, 1802) was a German-Jewish Biblical commentator.

Markus Barth (6 October 1915 – 1 July 1994) was a Swiss scholar of theology.

Alfred Schmidtke was a German New Testament scholar.

Johann Wild (Ferus) (1497 – 8 September 1554) was a German Franciscan scriptural commentator and preacher.

Hermann Gunkel (23 May 1862 – 11 March 1932), a German Old Testament scholar, founded form criticism.

Hugo Gressmann was born on March 21, 1877 in Mölln.

Paul Riessler was a noted German biblical scholar who has written a number of widely recognized books including Altjüdisches Schrifttum außerhalb der Bibel

Rainer Riesner (born 2 June 1950 in Friedberg) is a German pastor and theologian.

Hermann Spieckermann (born October 28, 1950 in Dortmund) is a German biblical scholar, historian of ancient Near Eastern religion, and Protestant theologian.

Martin Franz Dibelius (September 14, 1883 – November 11, 1947) was a German academic theologian and New Testament professor at the University of Heidelberg.

Johannes Weiss (December 13, 1863 – August 24, 1914) was a German Protestant theologian and Biblical exegete.

Gerhard von Rad (21 October 1901 – 31 October 1971) was a German theologian, academic, and University of Heidelberg professor.

Ernst Käsemann (12 July 1906 – 17 February 1998) was a Lutheran theologian and professor of New Testament in Mainz (1946–1951), Göttingen (1951–1959) and Tübingen (1959–1971).

Aaron Halle-Wolfssohn (1754 or 1756, in probably Halle – 20 March 1835, in Fürth) was a German Jew, a translator and commentator of the Tanakh and a leading writer of the Haskalah (the Jewish Enlightenment).

Michael Theobald (born 7 March 1948) is a German academic theologian who is Professor of New Testament in the Catholic Theological Faculty at the University of Tübingen.

Paul Billerbeck (1853–1932) was a Lutheran minister and scholar of Judaism, best known for his Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash (German, 1926) co-written with Hermann Strack.

Wolfgang Max Wilhelm Roth (W. M. W. Roth) (1 October 1930 – 24 November 2013) was a Pastor of the United Church of Canada and an Old Testament scholar with major contribution to the growth of Old Testament scholarship for more than half a century from 1959 through 2013.

Matthias Henze is the Isla Carroll and Perry E.

Nechama Leibowitz (Hebrew: September 3, 1905 – 12 April 1997 ,נחמה ליבוביץ׳‎‎) was a noted Israeli Bible scholar and commentator who rekindled interest in Bible study.

Erich Zenger (July 9, 1939, Dollnstein – April 4, 2010, Münster) was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian.

Adolf Schlatter (16 August 1852 – 19 May 1938) was a world-leading Protestant theologian and professor specialising in the New Testament and systematics at Greifswald, Berlin and Tübingen.

Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist.

Claus Westermann (7 October 1909 – 11 June 2000) was a German Protestant Old Testament scholar.

Rudolf Schnackenburg (5 January 1914 – 28 August 2002) was a German Catholic priest and New Testament scholar.

Werner Keller (August 13, 1909 in Gut Nutha, Anhalt – February 29, 1980 in Ascona) was a German civil servant, journalist, nonfiction author and anti-Nazi resistance fighter.

Eberhard Nestle (May 1, 1851, Stuttgart – March 9, 1913, Stuttgart) was a German biblical scholar, textual critic, orientalist, editor of Novum Testamentum Graece, and the father of Erwin Nestle.

Walter Bauer (German: [ˈbaʊɐ]; August 8, 1877 – November 17, 1960) was a German theologian, famous lexicographer of New Testament Greek, and scholar of the development of the early Christian churches.

Walther Eichrodt (August 1, 1890 in Gernsbach, Baden – May 20, 1978 in Basel) was a German Old Testament scholar and Protestant theologian.

Rolf Rendtorff (10 May 1925 – 1 April 2014) was Emeritus Professor of Old Testament at the University of Heidelberg.

Günther Bornkamm (8 October 1905 – 18 February 1990) was a German New Testament scholar belonging to the school of Rudolf Bultmann and a Professor of New Testament at the University of Heidelberg.

Barbara Aland, née Ehlers (born 12 April 1937 in Hamburg, Germany) is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.

Otto Kaiser (born November 30, 1924) is a German Old Testament scholar.

Peter Lampe (born 28 January 1954) is a German Protestant theologian and Professor of New Testament Studies at the University of Heidelberg in Germany.

Johann Christian Schöttgen (Wurzen, 14 March 1687- Dresden, 16 December 1751) was a German biblical scholar.

Gerhard Johannes Botterweck (25 April 1917, in Rheydt – 15 Ajpril 1981, in Bonn) was a German theologian, Old Testament scholar and dean of the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Bonn.

Anton Dereser (also known as Thaddaeus a Sancto Adamo, OCD) (3 February 1757, Fahr, Franconia –15 or 16 June 1827, Breslau) was a Discalced Carmelite professor of hermeneutics and Oriental languages.

Karl Ludwig Schmidt (Frankfurt am Main 5 February 1891 – Basel, 10 January 1956) was a German Protestant theologian and professor of New Testament studies at the University of Basel.

Hans Walter Wolff (December 17, 1911 – October 22, 1993) was a German Protestant theologian.

Adolf Bernhard Christoph Hilgenfeld (2 June 1823 – 12 January 1907) was a German Protestant theologian.

Wilhelm Bousset (3 September 1865, Lübeck – 8 March 1920, Gießen) was a German theologian and New Testament scholar.

Marcus Kalisch (or Moritz) (May 16, 1828 – August 25, 1885) was a Jewish scholar born in Treptow, Pomerania, and died in Derbyshire, England.

Peter Stuhlmacher (born 18 January 1932 in Leipzig) is Protestant theologian, professor emeritus of New Testament studies at the University of Tübingen.

Aaron Jaroslaw (also Jaroslav) was one of the Biurists.

Hans Wilhelm Frei (April 29, 1922 – September 12, 1988) was a biblical scholar and theologian who is best known for work on biblical hermeneutics.

Johannes Waitz, also Hans Waitz, was a German Biblical scholar specializing in the New Testament Apocrypha and source-critical studies.

Annette Brigitte Merz (born 1 December 1965, Frankfurt am Main) is a German Protestant theologian and biblical scholar, on the faculty of the University of Utrecht.