Gender studies

Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death.

Third gender or third sex is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman.

A glass ceiling is a metaphor used to represent an invisible barrier that keeps a given demographic (typically applied to women) from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy.

An intersex human or other animal is one possessing any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".

The Gamergate controversy concerns issues of sexism and progressivism in video game culture, stemming from a harassment campaign conducted primarily through the use of the Twitter hashtag #GamerGate.

Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

Research into the many possible relationships, intersections and tensions between language and gender is diverse.

Androphobia is is an abnormal fear of men, a type of specific social phobia.

Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.

Feminist Formations is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1988 as the NWSA Journal (also known as The National Women's Studies Association Journal); the name was changed beginning with the Spring 2010 issue.

Sexual assault is a sexual act in which a person is coerced or physically forced to engage against their will, or a non-consensual sexual touching of a person.

Transgender people are people who have a gender identity, or gender expression, that differs from their assigned sex.

Foot binding was the custom of applying painfully tight binding to the feet of young girls to prevent further growth.

Gender mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the different implications for women and men of any planned policy action, including legislation and programmes, in all areas and levels.

Patriarchy is a 2007 book by V.

Women in government in the modern era are under-represented in most countries worldwide, in contrast to men.

Feminism in Germany as a modern movement began during the Wilhelmine period (1888–1918) with individual women and women's rights groups pressuring a range of traditional institutions, from universities to government, to open their doors to women.

Sally Gary (born September 19, 1961) is a speaker and author on the Christian approach to homosexuality.

Josette Rey-Debove, born November 16, 1929 in Calais (Pas-de-Calais), France and died February 22, 2005 in Senegal, was a lexicographer and semiologist, wife and colleague of Alain Rey.

Asia-Japan Women's Resource Center (AJWRC) is a non-governmental organisation founded in 1994 that advocates gender equality, the end of violence against women, a more just society, and environmentally sustainable development.

Mario Mieli (21 May 1952, Milan – 12 March 1983) was a leading figure in the Italian gay movement of the 1970s.

The Expert Group Meeting (EGM): prevention of violence against women and girls was convened as part of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women's multi-year programme of work for 2010-2014.

Female participation and advancement in majority Muslim countries, or nations in which more than 50% of the population identifies as an adherent of the Islamic faith, has traditionally been areas of controversy.

The social construction of sexual behavior—its taboos, regulation, and social and political impact—has had a profound effect on the various cultures of the world since prehistoric times.

Gender Park is an autonomous institution promoted by the Department of Social Justice, Government of Kerala State, India, to resolve the gender inequity in development.

The participation of women in photography goes back to the very origins of the process.

Friendship is a relationship of mutual affection between people.

The Feminist Library was founded as the Women’s Research and Resources Centre in 1975 by a group of women concerned about the future of the Fawcett Library to ensure that the history of the women's liberation movement survived.

Gender has been an important theme explored in speculative fiction.

Girls' games and toys are a large yet difficult market for the children's toy industry.

The study of the impact of globalization on women in China examines the role and status of Chinese women relative to the political and cultural changes that have taken place in the 20th century as a consequence of globalization.

Seriality or serial collectivity is a term that feminist scholar Iris Marion Young used to describe a reconceptualization of the category of woman in her 1994 essay Gender as Seriality.

Sexualism is either discrimination based on sexuality, or sexuality itself.

In the early 1970s, an interest in women and their connection with the environment was sparked, largely by a book written by Esther Boserup entitled Woman's Role in Economic Development.

Recent history of changes in women's roles includes having women in the military in many countries.

Women as theological figures have played a significant role in the development of various religions and religious hierarchies.

The National Women's Front was formed in 2009 with the stated objective of empowerment of women of India.

Women's studies is an interdisciplinary field of academic study that examines gender as a social and cultural construct, the social status and contributions of women, and the relationships between power and gender.

Men's studies, often called men and masculinities in academic settings, is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to topics concerning men, masculinity, feminism, gender, and politics.

The Bro Code: How Contemporary Culture Creates Sexist Men is a documentary created by Thomas Keith in 2011.

Generation M: Misogyny in Media and Culture is a 2008 documentary film written, produced, and directed by Thomas Keith.

Gloria Daisy Wekker (born June 13, 1950) is an Afro-Surinamese Dutch educator and writer who has focused on gender studies and sexuality in the Afro-Caribbean region and diaspora.

Gender variance, or gender nonconformity, is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match the gender norms of the gender they are perceived to be by society.

Stevi Jackson (born 23 June 1951), is an academic and writer working in the field of gender and sexuality.

Daphne Haldin (1899–1973) was a British art historian and honourable secretary of the Society of Jews and Christians.

Philandry is fondness, love, or admiration towards men.

Philogyny is fondness, love, or admiration towards women.

The Sexual Paradox is a book by Susan Pinker published by Scribner in 2008.

For over 3,000 years in a large number of cultures and nations, women have played many roles in the military, from ancient warrior women, to the women currently serving in conflicts, although the vast majority of all combatants in every culture have been men.

Late termination of pregnancy (TOP), also known as postviability abortion, induced termination of pregnancy (ITOP), or simply abortion are terminations of pregnancy which are performed during a later stage of pregnancy.

Promundo is a Brazilian-based, non-governmental organization with offices in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Washington, DC, USA, that work in collaboration to promote caring, non-violent and equitable masculinities and gender relations in Brazil and internationally.