Game theory

In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is a solution concept of a non-cooperative game involving two or more players in which each player is assumed to know the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player has anything to gain by changing only his or her own strategy.

Hysteresis is the time-based dependence of a system's output on present and past inputs.

Rock–paper–scissors is a zero-sum hand game usually played between two people, in which each player simultaneously forms one of three shapes with an outstretched hand.

Zugzwang (German for "compulsion to move", pronounced [ˈtsuːktsvaŋ]) is a situation found in chess and other games wherein one player is put at a disadvantage because they must make a move when they would prefer to pass and not move.

Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a state of allocation of resources in which it is impossible to make any one individual better off without making at least one individual worse off.

Jonathan Herbert Schaeffer (born 1957) is a Canadian researcher and professor at the University of Alberta and the Canada Research Chair in Artificial Intelligence.

Game design is the art of applying design and aesthetics to create a game to facilitate interaction between players for entertainment or for medical, educational, or experimental purposes.

In probability theory, a martingale is a model of a fair game where knowledge of past events never helps predict the mean of the future winnings.

The evolution of cooperation can refer to: * the study of how cooperation can emerge and persist (also known as cooperation theory) as elucidated by application of game theory, * a 1981 paper by political scientist Robert Axelrod and evolutionary biologist W.

A chess opening is the group of initial moves of a chess game.

In game theory and economic theory, a zero-sum game is a mathematical representation of a situation in which each participant's gain (or loss) of utility is exactly balanced by the losses (or gains) of the utility of the other participant(s).

Games and Economic Behavior (GEB) is a journal of game theory published by Elsevier.

In the study of zero sum games, Glicksberg's theorem (also Glicksberg's existence theorem) is a result that shows certain games have a minimax value.

Co-Opetition: A Revolution Mindset that Combines Competition and Cooperation is a non-fiction book on coopetition, business strategy, and game theory by Adam M.

Thinking Strategically: The Competitive Edge in Business, Politics, and Everyday Life is a non-fiction book by Indian-American economist Avinash Dixit and Barry Nalebuff, a professor of economics and management at Yale School of Management.

In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall (or "general") equilibrium.

Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.

The foundations of negotiation theory are decision analysis, behavioral decision making, game theory, and negotiation analysis.

Collusion is an agreement between two or more parties, sometimes illegal and therefore secretive, to limit open competition by deceiving, misleading, or defrauding others of their legal rights, or to obtain an objective forbidden by law typically by defrauding or gaining an unfair market advantage.

The prisoners and hats puzzle is an induction puzzle (a kind of logic puzzle) that involves reasoning about the actions of other people, drawing in aspects of Game theory sometimes called the hierarchy of beliefs.

Mathematics of Operations Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal first published in February 1976.

Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, published in 1944 by Princeton University Press, is a book by mathematician John von Neumann and economist Oskar Morgenstern which is considered the groundbreaking text that created the interdisciplinary research field of game theory.