Financial markets

The term lender of last resort (LOLR) originates from the French expression dernier ressort.

In finance, margin is collateral that the holder of a financial instrument has to deposit with a counterparty (most often their broker or an exchange) to cover some or all of the credit risk the holder poses for the counterparty.

A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is a type of structured asset-backed security (ABS).

The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham, first published in 1949, is a widely acclaimed book on value investing, an investment approach Graham began teaching at Columbia Business School in 1928 and subsequently refined with David Dodd.

MetaTrader 4, also known as MT4, is an electronic trading platform widely used by online retail foreign exchange speculative traders.

An electronic communication network (ECN) is a type of computerized forum or network that facilitates the trading of financial products outside traditional stock exchanges.

In finance, systemic risk is the risk of collapse of an entire financial system or entire market, as opposed to risk associated with any one individual entity, group or component of a system, that can be contained therein without harming the entire system.

Electronic trading, sometimes called etrading, is a method of trading securities (such as stocks, and bonds), foreign exchange or financial derivatives electronically.

The Paris Bourse (French: Bourse de Paris) is the historical Paris stock exchange, known as Euronext Paris from 2000 onwards.

In economics and finance, arbitrage (US /ˈɑːrbᵻtrɑːʒ/, UK /ˈɑːbᵻtrɪdʒ/, UK /ˌɑːbᵻtrˈɑːʒ/) is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices.

In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling securities or other financial instruments that are not currently owned, and subsequently repurchasing them ("covering").

Speculation is the purchase of a good with the hope that it will become more valuable at a future date.

The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine is a non-fiction book by Michael Lewis about the build-up of the United States housing bubble during the 2000s.

In finance, a spot contract, spot transaction, or simply spot, is a contract of buying or selling a commodity, security or currency for settlement (payment and delivery) on the spot date, which is normally two business days after the trade date.

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy.

In finance, a contract for difference (CFD) is a contract between two parties, typically described as "buyer" and "seller", stipulating that the seller will pay to the buyer the difference between the current value of an asset and its value at contract time (if the difference is negative, then the buyer pays instead to the seller).

Den of Thieves is a bestselling 1992 non-fiction book by Pulitzer prize-winning writer James B.

Layering is a strategy in high-frequency trading where a trader makes and then cancels orders that they never intend to have executed in hopes of influencing the stock price.

Portfolios with Purpose (“PwP”) is a registered 501(c)(3) Non-profit organization founded by Stacey Asher in 2011.

Ugly Americans: The True Story of the Ivy League Cowboys Who Raided the Asian Markets for Millions is a book by Ben Mezrich that recounts the exploits of an American called John Malcolm (a pseudonym) arbitraging index futures in Japan in the 1990s.

Hoist Kredit AB is a Swedish financial services company.

A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.

ISDAFIX refers to a worldwide common reference rate value for fixed interest rate swap rates.

Larson&Holz IT Ltd is an International brokerage group of companies.

GEOS (Global Entity Online System) is an integrated online system for the management and processing of securities, with a strong focus on Straight Through Processing (STP).

AdvisorShares Investments is a US-based investment management firm based in Bethesda, Maryland which offers actively managed exchange-traded funds (ETFs) through the AdvisorShares Trust.

ProRealTime is a software designed and developed in France by IT-Finance.

FutureAdvisor is a digital investment manager registered with the U.

The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization, established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010.

In finance and economics, systematic risk (in economics often called aggregate risk or undiversifiable risk) is vulnerability to events which affect aggregate outcomes such as broad market returns, total economy-wide resource holdings, or aggregate income.

Mischler Financial Group is the American financial services industry's oldest minority investment bank and institutional brokerage owned and operated by Service-Disabled-Veterans and is the first Finra member firm to become a federally-certified-Service Disabled Veteran Business Enterprise (SDVBE).

Statmetrics is a free cross-platform software application providing an interactive environment for computational finance.

In financial services, a broker-dealer is a natural person, a company or other organization that engages in the business of trading securities for its own account or on behalf of its customers.

Discern is based in San Mateo, California with an additional office in New York.

Wharton FinTech is the first student-led FinTech initiative, started at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 2014 by MBA students Daniel McAuley and Steve Weiner.

National Futures Association (NFA) is the self-regulatory organization for the U.

About the Center for Audit Quality The Center for Audit Quality (CAQ) is an autonomous, nonpartisan, nonprofit public policy advocacy organization based in Washington, DC.

The Committee on Capital Markets Regulation is an independent and nonpartisan 501(c)(3) research organization dedicated to improving the regulation of U.

Marketcetera is a financial software company that has developed the Marketcetera open source trading platform, linking financial exchanges to users through broker services allowing the development of automated trading systems, essentially acting as a meta-broker itself.

TradersStudio is an EOD trading software and a technical analysis software used for analyzing and trading the financial markets.

Hypothecation is the practice where (usually through a letter of hypothecation) a debtor pledges collateral to secure a debt or as a condition precedent to the debt, or a third party pledges collateral for the debtor.

Implied Repo Rate (IRR) is the rate of return of borrowing money to buy an asset in the spot market and delivering it in the futures market where the notional is used to repay the loan.