Feminists

Táhirih (Persian: طاهره‎‎ Tahere "The Pure One" - Táhirih is the Bahá'í preferred transliteration), also called Qurratu l-ʿAyn (Arabic: قرة العين‎‎ "Solace/Consolation of the Eyes") are both titles of Fatimah Baraghani (1814 or 1817 – August 16–27, 1852), an influential poet and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.

Rosa Luxemburg (also Rozalia Luxenburg; Polish: Róża Luksemburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist, anti-war activist, and revolutionary socialist of Polish-Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen.

Ayaan Hirsi Ali (Dutch: [aːˈjaːn ˈɦiːrsi ˈaːli] , born Ayaan Hirsi Magan, on 13 November 1969) is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist, author, and former Dutch politician.

Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, academic scholar, and author.

Helen Maxine Lamond Reddy (born 25 October 1941) is an Australian singer, actress, and activist.

Gloria Jean Watkins (born September 25, 1952), better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist.

Paulina "Poulli" Chiziane (born 4 June 1955, Manjacaze, southern province of Gaza, Mozambique) is an author of novels and short stories in the Portuguese language.

Adrienne Cecile Rich (May 16, 1929 – March 27, 2012) was an American poet, essayist and radical feminist.

Elisabeth Dmitrieff (real name: Elizabeta Luknichna Tomanovskaya (née Kusheleva); Russian: Елизавета Лукинична Томановская (née Кушелева); 1 November 1850, Volok, now in Toropetsky District, Tver Oblast – 1910 or 1918) was a Russian-born feminist and actress of the 1871 Paris Commune.

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (August 7, 1890 – September 5, 1964) was a labor leader, activist, and feminist who played a leading role in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

Riane Tennenhaus Eisler (born July 22, 1931) is a cultural historian, systems scientist, educator, attorney, speaker, and author whose work on cultural transformation has inspired scholars and social activists.

Hilja Elisabet Riipinen (30 October 1883 – 18 January 1966, née Miklin, later Metsäpolku) was a Finnish politician involved with the nationalist and anti-communist Lapua Movement and Patriotic People's Movement (IKL).

Anita Augspurg (22 September 1857 Verden an der Aller – 20 December 1943 Zürich) was a German jurist, actress, writer, activist of the radical feminist movement and a pacifist.

Emma Ihrer (3 January 1857 – 8 January 1911) was a German feminist and trade unionist who was active in founding societies to defend the rights of women workers.

Julius Motteler (18 June 1838 – 29 September 1907) was a pioneering German Socialist and Businessman.

Emmy Damerius-Koenen (March 15, 1903 – May 21, 1987) was an East German politician.

Betty Friedan (February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American writer, activist, and feminist.

Hélène Cixous (French: [elɛn siksu]; born 5 June 1937) is a professor, Algerian/French feminist writer, poet, playwright, philosopher, literary critic and rhetorician.

Erica Jong (née Mann; born March 26, 1942) is an American novelist and poet, known particularly for her 1973 novel Fear of Flying.

Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon (8 April 1827 – 11 June 1891) was an English educationalist and artist, and a leading mid-19th-century feminist and women's rights activist.

Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett, GBE (11 June 1847 – 5 August 1929) was an English feminist, intellectual, political and union leader, and writer.

Comandanta Ramona (1959 – January 6, 2006) was the nom de guerre of an officer of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), a revolutionary indigenous autonomist organization based in the southern Mexican state of Chiapas.

Anna Kuliscioff (or Anna Kulischov, Kulisciov; Russian: Анна Кулишёва; born Anna Moiseyeva Rosenstein (Анна Моисеевна Розенштейн); 9 January 1857 – 27 December 1925) was a Jewish Russian revolutionary, a prominent feminist, an anarchist influenced by Mikhail Bakunin, and eventually a Marxist socialist militant; she was mainly active in Italy, where she was one of the first women graduated in Medicine.

Manuela Gretkowska (6 October 1964) is a Polish writer, screenwriter and politician.

Efua Dorkenoo, OBE (6 September 1949 – 18 October 2014), affectionately known as "Mama Efua", was a Ghanaian-British campaigner against female genital mutilation (FGM) who pioneered the global movement to end the practice and worked internationally for more than 30 years to see the campaign "move from a problem lacking in recognition to a key issue for governments around the world.

Konkordiia Nikolavna Samoilova (née Gromova) (1876-June 3, 1921), a bolshevik, was a founding editor of the Russian newspaper, Pravda, in 1912.

Raden Adjeng Kartini, Lady Kartini, (21 April 1879 – 17 September 1904), sometimes known as Raden Ayu Kartini, was a prominent Indonesian national heroine from Java.

Martha Arendsee (29 March 1885 - 22 May 1953) was a German politician (KPD) and women's rights activist.

Shirley Anita St.

Ada Maimon (Hebrew: עדה מימון‎‎, born Ada Fishman on 8 October 1893, died 10 October 1973) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai between 1949 and 1955.

Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt (born Anne-Josèphe Terwagne; 13 August 1762–9 June 1817) was a singer, orator and organizer in the French Revolution.

Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney, often referred to as Betsy; 21 May 1780 – 12 October 1845) was an English prison reformer, social reformer and, as a Quaker, a Christian philanthropist.

Valentine de Saint-Point (born Anna Jeanne Valentine Marianne Glans de Cessiat-Vercell; 16 February 1875, Lyon - died 28 March 1953, Cairo), was a woman of letters and a French artist.

Saida Menebhi (1952, Marrakesh - 11 December 1977, Casablanca) was a Moroccan poet and activist of a Marxist revolutionary movement Ila al-Amam.

Stephanie Coontz (born August 31, 1944) is an author, historian, and faculty member at Evergreen State College.

Linda Nochlin (née Weinberg; born January 30, 1931) is an American art historian, Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at New York University Institute of Fine Arts, and writer.

Raya Dunayevskaya, born Raya Shpigel (Russian: Ра́я Шпи́гель; May 1, 1910 - June 9, 1987), later Rae Spiegel, also known by the pseudonym Freddie Forest, was the American founder of the philosophy of Marxist Humanism in the United States of America.

Claire Lacombe (4 August 1765-?) nicknamed "Red Rosa", was an actress in her early life, but is best known for her contributions during the French Revolution.

Judith Butler (born February 24, 1956) is an American philosopher and gender theorist whose work has influenced political philosophy, ethics and the fields of feminist, queer and literary theory.

Sara Brita Stridsberg (born 29 August 1972 in Solna, Stockholm County) is a Swedish author and translator.

Seyla Benhabib (born September 9, 1950) is a Turkish-American philosopher.

Diana Lewis Burgin is an author, and Professor of Russian at the University of Massachusetts Boston; she received her B.

Selma James (born Selma Deitch; formerly Weinstein; August 15, 1930), is a co-author of the women's movement classic The Power of Women and the Subversion of the Community (with Mariarosa Dalla Costa), co-founder of the International Wages for Housework Campaign and coordinator of the Global Women's Strike.

Domitila Barrios de Chúngara (7 May 1937 – 13 March 2012) was a Bolivian labor leader and feminist.

Hayao Miyazaki (宮崎 駿 Miyazaki Hayao, born January 5, 1941) is a Japanese film director, producer, screenwriter, animator, author, and manga artist.

Marie-Elisabeth Lüders (June 25, 1878 – March 23, 1966) was a German politician and one of the most important figures in the German women's rights movement.

Goliarda Sapienza (10 May 1924 – 30 August 1996) was an Italian actress and writer.

Julia Kristeva (French: [kʁisteva]; Bulgarian: Юлия Кръстева; born 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s.

Harriet Taylor Mill (née Hardy; London, 8 October 1807 – Avignon, 3 November 1858) was a British philosopher and women's rights advocate.

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (Bengali: গায়ত্রী চক্রবর্তী স্পিভাক, born 24 February 1942) is an Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist critic.

Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879 – September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse.

Luce Irigaray (French: [iʁigaʁɛ]; born 3 May 1930) is a Belgian-born French feminist, philosopher, linguist, psycholinguist, psychoanalyst and cultural theorist.

Marie Juchacz (née Marie Gohlke; born Landsberg an der Warthe, 15 March 1879; died Düsseldorf, 28 January 1956) was a German social reformer.

Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst (5 May 1882 – 27 September 1960) was an English campaigner for the suffragette movement in the United Kingdom.

Florence Kelley (September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932) was a social and political reformer.

Adelheid Popp (11 February 1869 – 7 March 1939) was an Austrian feminist and socialist who worked as a journalist and politician.

Lakshmi Sahgal () (born Lakshmi Swaminathan) (24 October 1914 – 23 July 2012) was a revolutionary of the Indian independence movement, an officer of the Indian National Army, and the Minister of Women's Affairs in the Azad Hind government.

Meena Keshwar Kamal (Pashto/Persian: مینا کشور کمال‎‎; February 27, 1956 – February 4, 1987), commonly known as Meena, was an Afghan revolutionary political activist, feminist, women's rights activist and founder of Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA), who was assassinated in 1987.

Ricarda Huch (German: [huχ]; July 18, 1864 – November 17, 1947) was a pioneering German intellectual.

Rahel Antonie Friederike Varnhagen (German: [ˈʁaːɛl ˈfaʁnhaːɡən]), née Levin, later Robert (19 May 1771 – 7 March 1833), was a German writer who hosted one of the most prominent salons in Europe during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Necla Kelek (pronounced [ˈnedʒɫa ˈkelek]; born December 31, 1957 in Istanbul, Turkey) is a German feminist and social scientist, holding a doctorate in this field, originally from Turkey.

Ika Freudenberg (Friederike Freudenberg; 25 March 1858 Rossbach in Neuwied - 9 January 1912 Munich) was a leading protagonist of the women's movement in Bavaria.

Feminist literature is fiction or nonfiction which supports the feminist goals of defining, establishing and defending equal civil, political, economic and social rights for women.

Ewa Ziarek is the Julian Park Professor of Comparative Literature at The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo).

Linda Chen (Chinese: 陈蒙鹤; also known as Linda Chen Mock Hock or Linda Chen Mong Hock 1929-2002) was a Chinese-born, Singaporean linguist, writer, feminist and businesswoman.

Mary Corinna Putnam (August 31, 1842 – June 10, 1906) was an American physician, writer, and suffragist.

Sybil Neville-Rolfe (22 June 1885 – 3 August 1955) was a social hygienist and founder of the Eugenics Society, and a leading figure in the National Council for Combating Venereal Disease.

Joceline Clemencia (30 November 1952 – 30 May 2011) was an Afro-Curaçaoan writer, linguist, feminist and independence activist.

Francesca Molfino (25 September 1941 Rome, - 8 April 2013) was an Italian psychoanalyst, psychotherapist and Freudian psychoanalytic trainer, who was also a writer and activist of the feminist movement.

Courtney E. Martin (born December 31, 1979) is an American feminist, author, speaker, and social and political activist.

Tracy Chou (born 1987) is a software engineer and advocate for diversity in her field.

Rocío Chaveste (born María del Rocío Chaveste Gutiérrez on September 1, 1959) is a Mexican psychotherapist, teacher, business advisor, author, and speaker.

Mireille (Eid) Astore (Beirut, 1961) (Arabic: ميراي عيد اسطورئ is an artist and a writer. She left Beirut during the Lebanese civil war in 1975 to live in Melbourne, Australia. She studied the Sciences at the University of Melbourne where she graduated before becoming a full-time artist and writer. Influenced by continental philosophy, her art draws on autobiographical notions of representation and the unheimlich; where the conscious intersects with the unconscious. Through her art and her writing she "explores human emotions" and "asks what it is to be human". Mireille Astore attained a PhD in Contemporary Arts from the University of Western Sydney (2008). She was Research Affiliate (2009–2013) at Sydney College of the Arts, the Visual Arts Faculty of the University of Sydney and Research