Extinct mammals of South America

Diplasiotherium is an extinct genus of herbivore litoptern belongs to the family Proterotheriidae, that lived between the late Miocene and the early Pliocene (in the SALMAs Huayquerian and Montehermosan).

Xenastrapotherium is an extinct genus of astrapothere, a type of hoofed herbivorous mammal, native to South America, which lived in the mid-Miocene period, during the Laventan stage.

Ribodon is an extinct species of manatee that lived around South America during the Tortonian.

Patagosmilus ("Patagonian knife" in Greek) is an extinct genus of meat-eating metatherian mammal of the Thylacosmilidae family, that lived in the middle of the Miocene in South America.

Aglaocetus is a genus of extinct mysticete known from the Miocene of Patagonia, the US Eastern Seaboard, and Belgium.

Hondalagus is an extinct genus of marsupial mammals that lived during the Miocene epoch in South America.

Solimoea acrensis is a prehistoric ateline monkey from the Late Miocene of Brazil.

Nesoryzomys darwini, also known as Darwin's nesoryzomys or Darwin's Galápagos mouse, is a species of rodent in the genus Nesoryzomys that lived on Santa Cruz Island in the Galápagos Islands.

Noronhomys vespuccii, also known as Vespucci's rodent, is an extinct rat species from the islands of Fernando de Noronha off northeastern Brazil.

The red-bellied gracile opossum (Cryptonanus ignitus) is an extinct species of opossum that was native to Jujuy Province, Argentina.

Onohippidium (onos 'donkey' + hippidium 'small horse') is an extinct genus of horse that lived in the Americas during the Pleistocene.

Lagostomus crassus is an extinct species of chinchilla that was native to Peru.

Piauhytherium is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal, pertaining to the order of the notoungulates and the family of the toxodontids.

Nesodon ("island tooth") is a genus of Miocene mammal belonging to the extinct order Notoungulata which inhabited southern South America during the Late Oligocene to Miocene living from 29.

Amerhippus is an extinct subgenus of Equus which includes several species of horses that lived in South America (Bolivia, Venezuela and Ecuador), living from 2.

Huilatherium is an extinct genus of leontiniid, a group of hoofed mammals belonging to the order Notoungulata, that comprising other South American ungulates families that evolved in parallel with some mammals of the Northern hemisphere.

Maddenia is an extinct genus of astrapothere, meridiungulate herbivore mammals characterised by its large tusks and the development of proboscis, endemic of South America.

Sclerocalyptus was a glyptodont that lived during the Pleistocene.