exercise physiology first test

glycogenesis

what is the net ATP gain from glycolysis if glycogen is used?

what is the net ATP gain from glycolysis if glucose is used? why?

what does pyruvic acid turn into with oxygen?

where does anaerobic glycolysis occur in the cell?

Modality

A single bout of acute bodily exertion that requires energy and results in the expenditure of energy

Ergometers

Intensity

Metabolism

Anabolism

Catabolism

Anaerobic Metabolism

Aerobic Metabolism

_________ ___________ oxidizes byproducts of the metabolism that is happening

___ __ ___ _____ __ _____

Growth and repair of ___

________ muscle mass 

________ muscle

________ _________ of glucose 

Movement of _______ across cell membranes 

_______ __________ for force generation in muscle actions

glucose is a _____________________

Transferred to the body tissues via ______

Resting-state: taken up and stored as ________ by the _____ or ______ tissues

The liver and muscles have limited glycogen stores 

True or False?

glycerol and free fatty acids compose the _____ substrate

3 fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule composes a _____________

_(fats)

_____________ must be _____________ into ____ _____ in order to be used for energy

Proteins 

_____________ → protein 

Not a significant source of ______

Must first be converted into ________ through _____________

In severe energy depletion proteins convert to free fatty acids through _____________

Atwater General Factors

Protein =__ kcal/g

Carbs = __ kcal/g

Lipids = __ kcal/g 

ATP is __________ + __ __________ _______ connected through _____

___________ ______ lies in the bonds

Utilized for all energy-requiring processes ___ ___ _____

Phosphorylation

Hydrolysis

___ ⇌ ___ + ___ + ____

___ + ____ ---> ADP + Phosphate

how many phosphate groups are in adenosine diphosphate?

ATP + H2O ---> ___ + __________

Anabolically we can rephosphorylate the AMP or ADP back into ATP in three separate ways

1.

2.

3.

_______________________

Generates energy for immediate use

Lasts 3-15 seconds

does not require oxygen to occur and is a ____________

_______________________

High energy phosphate

4-6 times greater quantity in the ___ than ___

breakdown of ________________ used to rebuild ___ to maintain a constant supply but depletes in ______

___ ⇌ ___ + ___ + ____ ---> ATP ⇌ ADP + P_i + Energy

Glycolysis

Glycolysis

_______ —> _ ______ _____ + __ ___

________ would give 3 ATP

Glycogenolysis _________ ________

Net gain of ATP

___ _____ of ATP per 1 mole of _________

___ _____ of ATP per 1 mole of _______

Glucose

In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid converts into ____________

__________ Glycolysis

Pros

_______ can generate force for work even when ________ supply is low 

Cons

Does not produce large amounts of ___

Accumulation of ______ ____and body fluids

Lasts _____ minutes

process by which the body breaks down substrates with the use of oxygen to generate energy

the oxidation of carbs involves 3 different phases of energy:

1.

2.

3.

Aerobic glycolysis 

____ is made by breaking down _______

______ is available so ______ is not made 

Supports activities between ____________ and ____________

during aerobic glycolysis, 2 molecules of ________ is converted into 2 molecules of ________ ____

during aerobic glycolysis ___________ becomes ________ and the byproduct of _______________ is removed and diffused into the bloodstream

during aerobic glycolysis __________ acid combines with _____________