ev ch 14 unit 4 aos 2

The capacity to perform work. When energy is transferred from an object, it can perform useful work

due to motion or position

occur when energy stays in its same form but moves from one object/location to another.

occur when energy is changed from one form to another.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy within a material. Objects in contact, the hotter (exothermic) transfers (endothermic) to the cold object.

potential energy from position of atoms and electrons, converted via combustion.

a joule, would raise 1cm3 of water by 0.25 C. KJ, MJ.

The amount of energy available or used over a given time (e.g. joules per second) . Power (W) = energy (joules)/time (seconds). 1 watt is 1 joule/second

renewable which lasts indefinitely through natural processes, or non renewable which is exhaustible and limited deposits.

a source of energy is used to drive a generator of turbine from a flow of electrons.

like coal, petroleum, gas from dead or decaying organisms.

most used, usually in bottom layer of swamp, further compression leads to black coal, with less peat and high carbon.

crude oil, heated in a refinery to make different products, usually fuel, its 25 per cent energy efficient. Hydrocarbon.

burnt off with oil as waste, transport in pipes, mostly methane, used for heating and cooking.

aka coal seam gas, high pressure injections into the subterranean layer to have gas flow to the surface. May contaminate water.

uranium in nuclear reactor by fission reaction, by neutron striking nucleus with high mass number. The sun does this but we get 1 per cent of it.

black plastic or rubber tubing, which water flows and is heat by.

black metal absorber plate with tubes bonded, up to 100 C. Into an insulated tank, usually for back up.

up to 200 C, held by a vaccum in a glass tube, usually industrial use.

made from silicon, which is a semi-conductor (ie. Materials that will only conduct electricity under certain conditions). 15 per cent efficient. - doesn’t produce pollution, but sand mining has a huge effect

is lattice form, very stable, few free electrons isn't good for electricity.

is a form of solar, from heated and cooled wind circulation. 45 efficient, even 70%, pitch may interfere with communication signals.

propeller than spins when wind is caught in the blades, into the shaft, vertical turbines more effective than horizontal.

strong wind area, most effective and away from turbulence, in clear, elevated space.

stored water in dams, depends on volume and vertical distance to fall.

Gravitational potential energy converted into kinetic, then generator into electrical, 70% efficient. Flooding can happen, diversion of water from rivers, thermal pollution from cold water.

similar to hydroelectric but incoming and outgoing tides generate power. Very few though worldwide.

dependent on height and period of wave front, system of floats use movement of water to compress air or lift fluid thus generating electricity.

high pressures and tempurature in thin crust, steam generate like portland which around 60 C, iceland 95% use it. Removal of water would reduce watertable.

is energy that originated from material produced by living things e.g. waste from forestry products or animal/human waste.

methane and co2 mixture, for house heating.

30 per cent of world. 10% efficient, smoke = air pollution, deforestation

biofuel from carbs fermented and distilled. Blend with petrol, reduce ghg emissions. But aldehydes make photochemical smog like new york.

combustion using exothermic reaction usually from water or hydrocarbons from electrolysis Little pollution but used in industrial process and is expensive.