Lara Kristine Alam-
Plato's LifeAncient Greek philosopher born around 428/427–348/347 BCE; student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, founder of the Academy in Athens, and author of the “Dialogues.”
-
Meaning of TranscendentSomething beyond physical experience; knowledge of goodness and badness comes from beyond us, not from society or personal perception.
-
Universality of Goodness and Badness of ActionGoodness and badness are universally true and valid, the same for all people at all times. Plato rejects moral relativism and believes in a stable standard for morality.
-
World of Ideas (Forms)The real, permanent, and unchanging reality of perfect Forms, like goodness and beauty; accessible only through intellect.
-
World of MaterialThe physical, ever-changing, and unreal world we experience through the senses; illusions that distract from true knowledge.
-
Change and UnchangedHeraclitus: Change is constant; Parmenides: There is an unchanging reality; Plato: Both change and permanence exist—true reality (Forms) is unchanging amidst change.
-
Real Knowledge of the GoodReal goodness is understood only through reason, not senses. Material pleasures (like taste) are not ideally good. True good is rational, universal, and unchanging.
-
Elements of Ideally GoodUnconditional (good regardless of earthly conditions), Rational (understood through reason), Universal (valid for all rational beings), Unchanging (constant across all situations).
-
Intellect and WillIntellect is our capacity to think and understand; Will is our capacity to choose. Plato believes Will should align with the Good, and intellect should guide choices over sensory pleasures.
-
Who Are We as Rational BeingsHumans are travelers in this material world, aiming to become better versions of ourselves to reach the ideal world. Plato sees our essence as the rational soul, seeking wisdom and truth.
-
PlatoAncient Greek Philosopher
-
When was Plato bornborn around 428/427-348/347
-
St Thomas1225-1274 AD
-
Plato 1is student of Socrates and
-
Plato 2also a teacher of Aristotle
-
Plato 3Athenian Philosopher
-
Plato 4Author of the “Dialogues”
-
Plato 5Founder of Academy
-
Transcendentmeans something beyond
-
Knowledge of goodness and badness of action comes fromsomething somewhere beyond us.
-
Not from usor not from the society.
-
Is the principle of goodness and badness of action a Universalmeaning the same to all people in all ages or true and accepted by ALL people in ALL times?
-
What is good for me is only good for meand what is good for you is only good for you.
-
If the answer is NOthen the principle of morals depends on one’s perception.
-
Subjective or relativismDepends on whose authority, culture like cultural relativism
-
If the answer is YESWhat is the nature of this principle of goodness and badness?,Where we can find it?
-
Plato’s answer is obviously YESit is universal
-
The NORM of morality is universalSame for all men in all times
-
Not relative to one’s PerceptionThere is something that is universally true and valid principle of morality
-
Refused to accept that truth is relativethat there is no stable norm or standard of good and bad
-
Universal( same for all men and all people in all ages)
-
Black and White Moralityalso known as absolutist morality, is a simplistic view of ethics where actions are strictly categorized as either good or bad, right or wrong, with no room for gray areas or complex situations.
-
Plato’s Ethical Principle is anchored onhis metaphysical beliefs
-
Metaphysicsis that it is a branch of philosophy that deals with the problem of existence (ex. What does it mean to exist? Or what is the meaning of our existence
-
besides the world is a constant fluxalways changing. Ever different from what was the moment before
-
Ancient PhilosophersParminides and Heraklitus
-
ParmenidesNothing changes. Being is one and the same.
-
HeraklitusThere is nothing permanent in this world, except change
-
The world of forms of idealsWhich is all things are permanent, unchanging and real
-
World of Materialschanging and unreal
-
Material WorldWhere we lived in., It is in this world that we are fooled of the things we see, we hear, all kinds that our senses can detect. Illusion.
-
The world of idealsThe real world our ideal place, real world. The Paradise
-
REAL KNOWLDEGE OF THE GOODMeaning any good that we see,taste, touch or hear or anything that our
-
Where can we find the principle of moralsFor Plato it can be found in the world of ideals, not in the material world.
-
knowledge of the GOOD comes fromthe IDEAL world.
-
1. UnconditionalIt remains inherently good regardless of changing circumstances. For instance, helping others is ideally good, but if done for personal gain (such as during elections), it ceases to be ideally good.
-
2. RationalThe ideal good is understood through reason, not sensory experience. Physical pleasures, like enjoying food, are good but not ideally good because they rely on the senses rather than rational thought.
-
3. UniversalIt is true and valid for all rational beings, applying equally to everyone.
-
4. Unchanging (Immutable)The ideal good does not vary across situations. Actions like killing are always bad, regardless of intention or circumstance, as the ends do not justify the means.
-
The knowledge of the good come fromthe ideal world
-
This knowledge of the good is accessed byreason/Intellect and this knowledge is applied to concrete situation through Will (practicalwill)
-
IntellectOur Capacity to think.
-
WillOur Capacity to Choose .
-
Who are we as Rational Beings?We are travelers of this World. To become the better version of who are we in the next World or who weare in the ideal World.
