2024-12-13T05:42:58+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What are the two factors that define the validity of a study?</p>, <p>Internal validity is concerned with the appropriate measurement of ___, ___ and ___.</p>, <p>A study must have <em><u>external validity</u></em> before it can have internal validity. True or false?</p>, <p>What are the two categories of error?</p>, <p>Name some factors that cause random error.</p>, <p>What does precision refer to?</p>, <p>___ helps reduce sampling error.</p>, <p>What factors cause systemic error?</p>, <p>In <strong>analytical studies</strong>, where does bias come from?</p>, <p>Selection bias is due ___.</p>, <p>What is <strong>information bias</strong>?</p>, <p>How can information bias be minimized?</p>, <p>What criteria needs to be satisfied for a factor to be considered a confounder?</p>, <p>What are prevention strategies for controlling confounding variables?</p> flashcards
Epidemiology, Chp. 10 - Data Interpretation Issues

Epidemiology, Chp. 10 - Data Interpretation Issues

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  • What are the two factors that define the validity of a study?

  • Internal validity is concerned with the appropriate measurement of ___, ___ and ___.

    Internal validity is concerned with the appropriate measurement of exposure, outcome and association between exposure and disease.

  • A study must have external validity before it can have internal validity. True or false?

    False; a study must internal validity before it can have external validity. Internal validity is always the FIRST priority, since invalid findings cannot be generalized.

  • What are the two categories of error?

    Random - rate, odds ratio

    Systemic - measurement bias

  • Name some factors that cause random error.

    - poor precision

    - sampling error

    - variability in measurement

  • What does precision refer to?

    If the measurement/effect is reproducible and consistent over time.

  • ___ helps reduce sampling error.

    Increasing sample size

  • What factors cause systemic error?

    - selection bias

    - information bias

    - confounding

  • In analytical studies, where does bias come from?

    When the comparison groups are not comparable.

  • Selection bias is due ___.

    systematic differences in the characteristics in the study sample and the reference population (not representative). It's likely that the researchers chose the wrong method to capture answers.

  • What is information bias?

    Error in the accuracy of information collected between comparison groups.

  • How can information bias be minimized?

    - use standardized data collection forms

    - double blinding

  • What criteria needs to be satisfied for a factor to be considered a confounder?

    1. Be a risk factor for the disease

    2. Be associated with the exposure

    3. NOT a step in the causal path between exposure and disease

  • What are prevention strategies for controlling confounding variables?

    - randomization

    - restriction (ie. restricting a study to women only)

    - matching