Environmental chemistry

Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.

Total dissolved solids (TDS) is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied.

Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places.

Eutrophication (Greek: eutrophia (from eu "well" + trephein "nourish".); German: Eutrophie), or more precisely hypertrophication, is the depletion of oxygen in a water body, which kills aquatic animals.

Photo-degradation is the alteration of materials by light.

Water splitting is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen.

Freshwater environmental quality parameters are the natural and man-made chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of rivers, lakes and ground-waters, the ways they are measured and the ways that they change.

The hydroxyl radical, •OH, is the neutral form of the hydroxide ion (OH−).

Microcystins (or cyanoginosins) are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria; primarily Microcystis aeruginosa but also other Microcystis, as well as members of the Planktothrix, Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Nostoc genera.

Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area.