Electronics

(See also: p–n diode and Diode § Semiconductor diodes) A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor material, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.

The Schottky diode (named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky), also known as hot carrier diode, is a semiconductor diode formed by the junction of a semiconductor with a metal.

A transducer is a device that converts one form of energy to another.

(For a broader coverage related to this topic, see Signal (electronics).) An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smartphones, and electric cars.

Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is an intrinsic property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave.

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field of science that includes a combination of mechanical engineering, electronics, computer engineering, telecommunications engineering, systems engineering and control engineering.

A microcontroller (or MCU, short for microcontroller unit) is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points.

An operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended output.

Solid-state electronics are those circuits or devices built entirely from solid materials and in which the electrons, or other charge carriers, are confined entirely within the solid material.

In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume whose rate is the difference of the two frequencies.

In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.

Hysteresis is the time-based dependence of a system's output on present and past inputs.

Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics.

In electronics, a mixer, or frequency mixer, is a nonlinear electrical circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals applied to it.

In electronics, high impedance means that a point in a circuit (a node) allows a relatively small amount of current through, per unit of applied voltage at that point.

Printed electronics is a set of printing methods used to create electrical devices on various substrates.

A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level.

The magnetic amplifier (colloquially known as a "mag amp") is an electromagnetic device for amplifying electrical signals.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electronics: Electronics – branch of physics, engineering and technology dealing with electrical circuits that involve active semiconductor components and associated passive interconnection technologies.

In electronics, noise is a random fluctuation in an electrical signal, a characteristic of all electronic circuits.