DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

In molecular biology, DNA polymerases are enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA.

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine is a DNA pyrimidine nitrogen base.

In biochemistry, the DNA methyltransferase (DNA MTase) family of enzymes catalyze the transfer of a methyl group to DNA.

In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor (sometimes called a sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

Retroviral integrase (IN) is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that enables its genetic material to be integrated into the DNA of the infected cell.

DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is a forensic technique used to identify individuals by characteristics of their DNA.

An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.

Nucleosides are glycosylamines that can be thought of as nucleotides without a phosphate group.

Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomers, or subunits, of nucleic acids like DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

M1G (pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) is a heterocyclic compound which is a by-product of base excision repair (BER) of a specific type of DNA adduct called M1dG.

The Lichtenstein Cave is an archaeological site near Dorste, Lower Saxony, Germany.

A homeobox is a DNA sequence, around 180 base pairs long, found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development (morphogenesis) in animals, fungi and plants.

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

The unique ability of gyrase to introduce negative supercoils into DNA is what allows bacterial DNA to have free negative supercoils.

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.

In Maryland v. King, 569 U.

The International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG) is an independent non-commercial nonprofit organization of genetic genealogists run by volunteers.

Free radical damage to DNA can occur as a result of exposure to UV radiation or to radiomimetic compounds.

Genetic studies on Jews are part of the population genetics discipline and are used to better understand the chronology of migration provided by research in other fields, such as history, archaeology, linguistics, and paleontology.

Gyrovirus is a genus of viruses , in the family Circoviridae.

YOYO-1 is a green fluorescent dye used in DNA staining.

In molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication.

Propidium monoazide (PMA) is a photoreactive DNA-binding dye that preferentially binds to dsDNA.

DNA phenotyping (fee-no-type-ing) is the process of predicting an organism’s phenotype using only genetic information collected from genotyping or DNA sequencing.

The 100,000 Genomes Project is a UK Government project that is sequencing whole genomes from National Health Service patients.

The 100K Pathogen Genome Project was launched in July 2012 by Bart Weimer (UC Davis) as an academic, public, and private partnership.

Chloroplasts have their own DNA, often abbreviated as cpDNA.

DNA polymerase epsilon is a member of the DNA polymerase family of enzymes found in eukaryotes.

5,6-Dihydroxycytosine can be formed from treatment of DNA with osmium tetroxide.

The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.

C-DNA also known as C form DNA.

DiProDB is a database designed to collect and analyse thermodynamic, structural and other dinucleotide properties.