2022-10-23T19:48:16+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>vascular constriction, formation of platelet plug, blood coagulation, clot retraction, clot dissolution</p>, <p>endothelin-1; vasoconstriction </p>, <p>vascular constriction</p>, <p>serotonin</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>formation of platelet plug</p>, <p>blood coagulation</p>, <p>glycoproteins GPIIb/IIIa</p>, <p>a-platelet granules</p>, <p>delta-granules (δ)</p>, <p>fibrinogen; fibrin</p>, <p>vitamin k and calcium</p>, <p>Warfarin</p>, <p>Chelators (citrate and EDTA)</p>, <p>Heparin</p>, <p>clot retraction </p>, <p>pulls fibrin strands together and squeezes serum from the clot</p>, <p>clot dissolution</p>, <p>-ase</p>, <p>hypercoagulability </p>, <p>thrombocytosis</p>, <p>arterial thrombus</p>, <p>venous thrombus</p>, <p>decrease platelet activation; clopidogrel, aspirin, heparin</p>, <p>Primary thrombocytosis</p>, <p>secondary thrombocytosis</p>, <p>thrombosis, erythromelalgia </p>, <p>thrombocytopenia </p>, <p>thrombocytopathia</p>, <p>DIC</p>, <p>Conditions associated with DIC</p> flashcards
Disorders of Hemostasis

Disorders of Hemostasis

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  • vascular constriction, formation of platelet plug, blood coagulation, clot retraction, clot dissolution

    What are the stages of hemostasis?

  • endothelin-1; vasoconstriction

    What substance is released by damaged endothelial cells to initiate ___________.

  • vascular constriction

    -this step's main goal is to stop blood loss

  • serotonin

    Neural spasms are initiated by ________

  • a

    Platelets release _________ upon injury.

    a. A2(TXA2)

    b. fibrin

    c. prothrombin

    d. epinephrine

  • formation of platelet plug

    -this step's main goal is to plug blood vessel and start repair process.

  • blood coagulation

    -this step's main goal is to stabilize newly formed plug and form a clot.

  • glycoproteins GPIIb/IIIa

    _________ binds fibrinogen to connect platelets.

  • a-platelet granules

    -contain adhesive factors and growth factors for vessel repair

  • delta-granules (δ)

    - contain vasoconstrictors (histamine, serotonin, epinephrine)

  • fibrinogen; fibrin

    Clotting cascade converts __________ to ________

  • vitamin k and calcium

    Which two molecules are required to synthesize and activate the clotting cascade?

  • Warfarin

    ________- reduces vitamin K dependent coagulation factors.

  • Chelators (citrate and EDTA)

    These medications will bind calcium to prevent clot formation.

  • Heparin

    _________ binds to antithrombin III to increase ability to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa

  • clot retraction

    -goal is to shrink clot to join edges of broken vessel

    -occurs 20-60 min after clot formation

    -platelets contain mitochondria and actin-myosin

    -acts similarly to muscle contraction

  • pulls fibrin strands together and squeezes serum from the clot

    Actin-Myosin complex does what to the clot?

  • clot dissolution

    -goal to activate fibrinolysis enzymes to dissolve clot

    -plasmin is released from plasminogen and dissolves clot

  • -ase

    Our thrombolytic(anti-clotting) drugs have what common suffix ?

  • hypercoagulability

    -exaggerated form of hemostasis

    -predisposes to thrombosis and vessel occlusion

  • thrombocytosis

    -increased platelet function

  • arterial thrombus

    -high shear flow and turbulent blood cause platelet aggregation due to narrowed artery

  • venous thrombus

    -low shear flow and stasis of blood flow cause platelet aggregation and fibrin complexes to activate coagulation cascade

  • decrease platelet activation; clopidogrel, aspirin, heparin

    Treatment for thrombocytosis?

  • Primary thrombocytosis

    -characterized by an excess of unbound thrombopoietin

    -stimulates megakaryocyte proliferation

  • secondary thrombocytosis

    -caused by tissue damage due to surgery

    -chronic inflammation

    -cancer and myeloproliferative disorders (leukemia)

  • thrombosis, erythromelalgia

    clinical manifestations of thrombocytosis?

  • thrombocytopenia

    -decreased platelet number (less than 150,000 thrombocytes)

    -increased sequestration of platelets in spleen (more in spleen)

    -decrease platelet survival

  • thrombocytopathia

    -impaired platelet function than can have genetic causes (von willebrand disease, hemophilia A, hemophilia B)

    -can have acquired disorders that cause it (liver disease)

  • DIC

    -can be caused by paradox disease: clot formations followed by bleeding disorders

    -unregulated thrombin generation

    -vessel occlusion and tissue ischemia

    -widespread hemorrhage

  • Conditions associated with DIC

    -obstetric conditions, cancers, infections, septic shock, trauma or surgery