2022-09-26T07:06:54+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Awake or Alert</p>, <p>Cognition</p>, <p>Reticular Activating System (RAS)</p>, <p>Glasgow Coma Scale</p>, <p>ischemia, excitotoxicity, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure</p>, <p>Ischemia</p>, <p>Excitotoxicity</p>, <p>NMDA recpetors</p>, <p>Calcium</p>, <p>Neurodegenerative</p>, <p>Cerebral edema</p>, <p>Cytotoxic edema</p>, <p>Vasogenic edema</p>, <p>Increased intracranial pressure</p>, <p>Concussion</p>, <p>CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy) </p>, <p>Ischemic</p>, <p>Thrombotic stroke</p>, <p>Small vessel stroke</p>, <p>Hemorrhagic</p>, <p>signs of a stroke</p>, <p>stroke penumbra</p>, <p>hemorrhagic </p>, <p>thrombolytics; tPA; intracranial stent</p>, <p>Aneurysm</p>, <p>aneurysmal hemorrhage</p>, <p>intracerebral hemorrhage </p>, <p>Nimodipine (calcium channel blocker)</p>, <p>lysis of bacteria leads to the release of endotoxins that initiate inflammation</p>, <p>primary cns lymphoma</p>, <p>too much excitatory transmission or too little inhibitory transmission</p> flashcards
Disorders of Brain Function

Disorders of Brain Function

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  • Awake or Alert

    -controlled by projections from reticulum of brain stem to cerebrum

  • Cognition

    -controlled by cerebral cortex

  • Reticular Activating System (RAS)

    -filter of information that regulates emotional and behavioral responses to sensory information

    -damage hear will impair consciousness

  • Glasgow Coma Scale

    -a clinical scale used to reliably measure a person's level of consciousness after a brain injury

    -assesses a person based on their ability to perform eye movements, speak, and move their body.

  • ischemia, excitotoxicity, cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure

    What are the common mechanisms underlying brain damage with injury?

  • Ischemia

    -reduced blood flow=less ATP and less O2

    -occurs with stroke, myocardial infarction

  • Excitotoxicity

    -over saturation of excitatory amino acids such as glutamate and over-excite neurons to death

  • NMDA recpetors

    -ligand-gated ion channels that allow calcium influx following glutamate stimulation

  • Calcium

    ________ imbalance stresses neurons

  • Neurodegenerative

    Excitotoxicity is the hallmark of what type of diseases?

  • Cerebral edema

    increase in water & sodium content

  • Cytotoxic edema

    swelling of cells with fluid

  • Vasogenic edema

    swelling of interstitial space with fluid

  • Increased intracranial pressure

    -changes in amount of blood (10% of space), brain tissue (80% of space), and CSF (10% of space) leads to obstructed blood flow, neuron death, and displaced tissue

  • Concussion

    -mild traumatic brain injury

    -brought on by rotational forces, acceleration, deceleration

    - symptoms: dizziness, nausea, headache, confusion, slurred speech, appearing dazed, fatigued, amnesia

    -treatment: none; recover w rest

  • CTE (chronic traumatic encephalopathy)

    Repeated concussions can lead to what?

  • Ischemic

    occlusion (blockage or closing) of a blood vessel, typically a clot

  • Thrombotic stroke

    Most common ischemic stroke; often occurs in large vessels

  • Small vessel stroke

    -also called lacunar; because they leave behind small cavities

    - hypertension and diabetes are leading causes

  • Hemorrhagic

    rupture of a cerebral blood vessel; bleeding occurs inside or around brain itssue; most fatal

  • signs of a stroke

    loss of balance, vision disturbance, facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 911

  • stroke penumbra

    -region of tissue radiating out from stroke

    -damage continues over time

    -accounts for deterioration in function after stroke

  • hemorrhagic

    What is the most fatal type of stroke?

  • thrombolytics; tPA; intracranial stent

    What medication/methods do we use to treat ischemic strokes?

  • Aneurysm

    -ballooning of an artery

  • aneurysmal hemorrhage

    -rupture of the aneurysm

  • intracerebral hemorrhage

    What condition leads to a focal hematoma?

  • Nimodipine (calcium channel blocker)

    What medication can we use to treat brain hemorrhages?

  • lysis of bacteria leads to the release of endotoxins that initiate inflammation

    How does bacterial meningitis occur?

  • primary cns lymphoma

    which type of brain cancer is increasing in prevalence?

  • too much excitatory transmission or too little inhibitory transmission

    What causes seizures?