Data access technologies

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an application programming interface (API) for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database.

The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a Java application programming interface specification that describes the management of relational data in applications using Java Platform, Standard Edition and Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.

Propel is a free, open-source (MIT) object-relational mapping toolkit written in PHP.

The Doctrine Project (or Doctrine) is a set of PHP libraries primarily focused on providing persistence services and related functionality.

Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC; also known as Windows DAC) is a framework of interrelated Microsoft technologies that allows programmers a uniform and comprehensive way of developing applications that can access almost any data store.

Hibernate ORM (Hibernate in short) is an object-relational mapping framework for the Java language.

In computing, Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS).

Jet Data Access Objects is a deprecated general programming interface for database access on Microsoft Windows systems.

NHibernate is an object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Microsoft .

DataObjects.NET is a persistence and object-relational mapping framework for the Microsoft .

Entity Framework (EF) is an open source object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for ADO.

ADO.NET is a data access technology from the Microsoft .

ADOdb is a database abstraction library for PHP Originally based on the same concept as Microsoft's ActiveX Data Objects.

ADOdb Lite is a very small, fast ADOdb-compatible database abstraction library written in PHP.