Cyberwarfare

The Syrian Electronic Army (SEA) is a group of computer hackers which first surfaced online in 2011 to support the government of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

(For other uses, see Trojan horse (disambiguation).) In computing, Trojan horse, or Trojan, is any malicious computer program which is used to hack into a computer by misleading users of its true intent.

A rootkit is a collection of computer software, typically malicious, designed to enable access to a computer or areas of its software that would not otherwise be allowed (for example, to an unauthorized user) and often masks its existence or the existence of other software.

PLA Unit 61398 (Chinese: 61398部队, Pinyin: 61398 bùduì) is the Military Unit Cover Designator (MUCD) of a People's Liberation Army advanced persistent threat unit that has been alleged to be a source of Chinese computer hacking attacks.

PRISM is a clandestine surveillance program under which the United States National Security Agency (NSA) collects internet communications from at least nine major US internet companies.

United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is an armed forces sub-unified command subordinate to United States Strategic Command.

(Not to be confused with Stoned (computer virus) § Flame/Stamford.) Flame, also known as Flamer, sKyWIper, and Skywiper, is modular computer malware discovered in 2012 that attacks computers running the Microsoft Windows operating system.

China is the world's second-largest economy, and a nuclear weapons state with the world's second-largest defence budget.

As a major developed economy, the United States is highly dependent on the Internet and therefore greatly exposed to cyberwarfare attacks, yet at the same time has very significant capabilities in both defense and power projection thanks to its advanced technology and large military budget.

In computing, a firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Cyberterrorism is the act of Internet terrorism in terrorist activities, including acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially of personal computers attached to the Internet, by the means of tools such as computer viruses.

Carrier IQ was a privately owned mobile software company founded in 2005 in Sunnyvale, California.

The 77th Brigade is a British Army formation, created in January 2015 under the Army 2020 concept.

w3af (web application attack and audit framework) is an open-source web application security scanner.

WarVOX is a free, open-source VOIP-based war dialing tool for exploring, classifying, and auditing phone systems.

Markus Hess, a German citizen, is best known for his endeavours as a hacker in the late 1980s.

Idaho National Laboratory ran the Aurora Generator Test in 2007 to demonstrate how a cyber attack could destroy physical components of the electric grid.

The United States is widely considered to have the most extensive and sophisticated intelligence network of any nation in the world, with notable suborganizations including the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency, amongst others.

HackingTeam is a Milan-based information technology company that sells offensive intrusion and surveillance capabilities to governments, law enforcement agencies and corporations.

XOR DDoS is Trojan malware that hijacks Linux systems and uses them to launch DDoS attacks which have reached loads of 150+ Gbps.

Endgame provides a cyber operations platform supporting the detection, exploitation, and mitigation of cyber-threats.

The Fleet Electronic Warfare Center (FEWC) is an organization established by Naval Network Warfare Command (NNWC) in 2008 to be the center of gravity for US Navy fleet electronic warfare (EW) operational and tactical issues.

The Norwegian Cyber Defence Force (Norwegian: Cyberforsvaret) is a branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for military communications and defensive and offensive cyberwarfare in Norway.

Telecomix is a decentralized cluster of net activists, committed to the freedom of expression.

The Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a federally funded research and development center headquartered on the campus of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.

Netwar is a form of low intensity conflict, crime, and activism waged by networked actors.

In July 2015, CyberTrust Japan entered a strategic partnership agreement with DigiCert Inc.

Igor Artimovich (born March 24, 1982, Kaliningrad Oblast, the USSR, Russian: Игорь Артимович) is a Russian programmer, hacker, and author of a botnet named Festi.

The Cyber Security Agency (CSA) is a government computer security organisation in Singapore, under the umbrella of the Prime Minister's Office.

The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) is a government computer security organisation in Ireland, an operational arm of the Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources.

TheRealDeal is a darknet website and a part of the cyber-arms industry reported to be selling code and zero-day software exploits.

The Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information (ANSSI) (English: National Cybersecurity Agency of France) is a French service created on 7 July 2009 with responsibility for computer security.

The Communications and Information Services (CIS) Corps (Irish: An Cór Seirbhísí Cumarsáide agus Eolais) – formerly the Army Corps of Signals – is one of the combat support corps of the Irish Defence Forces, the military of Ireland.