CPRT module 3.1 physical control

widely used in greenhouse operations for the control of many insects, nematodes, weed seeds and especially soil-borne plant pathogens

Field application of this practice is uneconomical (costly) and can be impractical. Field can be subjected to

involves covering the soil with clear plastic sheets to reduce the population of soil-borne pathogens, weed seeds and some insects (Fig. 11) while exposing it to the sun. The greatest effect is in the top 4-6 inches of soil

control weeds, other insects that are closely associated to plants and plant diseases to minimize the inoculum for the next season.

Sun drying of rice grains and coconut for copra is a common practice in the Philippines to prevent molds and other pests from attacking them.

A safe percent moisture content level of seed grains acceptable for storage is

Copra percent moisture content

Hot water is used to kill any pathogen propagules which may be present inside seed or surfaces of seeds

rice seeds treated at _________ to control white tip nematode

wheat seeds at _________ is used to control loose smut of wheat.

HWT for mangoes

removes excess moisture from harvested produce surfaces and hastens the healing of wounds, thus preventing their infection by certain pathogens

by curing sweet potato what is prevented to infect

Curing time for Sweet potato

dried or dehydrated vegetables can be successfully carried out for a storage time of more than one year at

Insect response to light

can reduce rice black bug population

reduce the survival of stored grain pests such as weevils on the soil

This can reduce brown planthopper damage on rice.

positive phototaxis, moving toward a light source)

This response can be used to trap pests, but the effective wavelengths and intensities vary among species.

this can be used to prevent pests from entering a cultivation area by presenting light at wavelengths and intensities that repel them

negative phototaxis, moving away from light

example of repulsion

attracted to UV light

emits larege amounts of UV light which results to the strongest attraction

used to widely control rice stem borer

watts needed to control RBB during heavy infestations

lamps that give off yellow illumination can be used to control nocturnal moths, This diurnal species are attracted to yellow light

are used for conducting surveys for pest outbreaks and yellow sticky plates are used for pest control.

attracted to yellow pan traps

such as X-rays and gamma rays will kill insect pests and pathogen. The dosage to kill pathogens may however be injurious to plant tissue so they are not normally used for plant diseases. They can however be used to disinfect warehouses or storage containers

affects thoracic ganglion and causes synaptic blocking, alteration of amino acids, and dissolution of nerve cells of insects

controls rice weevil

birds scarer, acetylene exploders) produce sudden loud sound which frightens birds

also used to make loud sound to scatter away rats, mice, etc

can be used for insects and snails

is used for example to remove worms from inside tree trunks

can be done for golden “kuhol”,

for household flies

can be used for pests of domestic animals such as lice and ticks

used to remove for example weevils and worms from flour, and,

can be applied to plants to remove insect pests and control.

using exclusion devices