Cprt 22 module 3.1

are direct or indirect (non-chemical) measures that destroy pests outright or make the environment unsuitable for their entry, dispersal, survival, or reproduction.

different from cultural control because actions are taken specifically for controlling the pest and not merely modifications of existing management practices

Pest activity and metabolic rate are influenced by temperature. The optimum range of temperature is vital for normal pest activity

This method is widely used in greenhouse operations to control many insects, nematodes, weed seeds, and especially soil-borne plant pathogens.

This method of control is however not economically feasible under field conditions. In the Philippines, we normally use steam sterilization of soil and potting media of seedlings.

This method is used to control weeds and other insects that are closely associated with plants and plant diseases to minimize the inoculum for the next season.

We normally use this to burn stubbles and crop residues after harvest to kill pests that they may harbor.

drying of rice grains and coconut for copra is a common practice in the Philippines to prevent molds and other pests from attacking them.

Hot water is used to kill any pathogen which may be present inside seed coats, bulb scales, etc., or which may be present in external surfaces or wounds of fruits.

Hot water treatment of rice seeds at 52-54 °C for 15 minutes is used to control

hot water treatment of rice seeds requires _____ to control white tipe nematode

Hot water treatment of wheat seeds at 50-52 °C for 10 min. is used to control

hot water treatment of wheat seeds requires _____ to control Loose smut of wheat

Rinsing melon for ________ resulted in a significant reduction of fruit decay while maintaining fruit quality after prolonged storage

Exported mangoes are immersed in hot water in temperatures that range from ______ for periods that also depend on variety to minimize pathogens causing fruit decay.

Exported mangoes are immersed in hot water in temperatures that range from ______ for periods that also depend on variety to minimize

Treatment of certain storage products with warm air (this is also called curing) removes excess moisture from their surfaces and hastens the healing of wounds, thus preventing their infection by certain pathogens

sweet potatoes at 28°C-32°C for 2 weeks helps the wounds to heal and prevents infection by

conditions for curing sweet potato

Hot air curing of harvested ears of corn, tobacco leaves, rice panicles, etc. removes most moisture thus protecting these propagules from attack by

can be protected from weak bacterial pathogen and fungal through curing

is usually used to store postharvest goods such as fruits and vegetables to increase their shelf life.

It however requires special equipment and is practiced here in the Philippines just in small-scale storage of vegetables and fruits to increase shelf life.

range for Cold storage

Well-drained soil with low moisture content (<10%) will reduce the survival of stored pests such as weevils.

Alternate wetting and drying

Alternate wetting and drying (intermittent irrigation) in rice fields can reduce

Plates Light affects insect behavior and development in a variety of ways. Behavioral orientation in insects is influenced by light

One of the most typical responses to light is

positive phototaxis, moving toward a light source).

negative phototaxis, moving away from light)

serves many purposes monitoring initial infestation of an insect pest, determining seasonal incidence, pest-weather relationship, pest intensity, pest survey, trapping to control, and killing of pests.

Insect light traps using blue fluorescent light were used widely to control

used to control rice stem borers

All of the electromagnetic radiations from the low energy radio waves through infrared, visible light, ultraviolet rays, x-rays, and gamma rays are similar in nature.

Use of infrared radiation (wavelength range 0.78 – 102 µ) controls

The use of radio frequency ______ affects thoracic ganglion and causes synaptic blocking, alteration of amino acids, and dissolution of nerve cells of insects.

Yellow color attracts

black color attracts

such as X-rays and gamma rays will kill insect pests and pathogens.

produce a sudden loud sound which frightens birds.

Acoustic device

are also used to make loud sounds to scatter away rats, mice,

uses mechanical force or manual labor either for the destruction or exclusion of pests.

to prevent rats and some insect pests from climbing and nets around rice paddies to control rats.

exclusion devices such as

in irrigation pipes to prevent weeds and snail pests is also practiced

are commonly used for insects. Sticky traps are also used for rats and other rodent pests but more commonly used are mechanical rat traps