cprt 22 chemical part 2

chemicals that aimed to control target pest

materials added to the a.i. to make pesticides safer, more effective, and easier to measure, mix, and apply or store longer to increase shelf life

are prepared for direct application and require specialized dispersal equipment, scattered by hand or small hand- cranked units

example of granular formulations

are finely ground mixtures of the active ingredient and an inert carrier such as clay, talc, silica gel, pyrophyllite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, hydrated lime, or kaolin

examples of dust formulations

are in their original liquid form dissolved in a small amount of solvent These concentrates may approach 100% active ingredients

Miscellaneous formulations

a miscellaneous formulaton used for combating cotton and rice pests

the active ingredients are mixed with pest food or attractant.

Absorbed by plants or animal hosts and transfer to untreated tissues. • Systemic herbicides penetrate plant tissues and move through the vascular system killing weeds with partial spray coverage.

examples of systemic herbicides are

• Must come into physical contact with the pest to be effective. Upon contact, the pesticide enters the body of pests via their epidermis and causes death by poisoning.

Examples of contact herbicides are

Examples of contact insecticide include carbaryl , fipronil, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, permethrin

enter the pest's body through their mouth and digestive system and cause death by poisoning. • They are applied as sprays or dust onto the leaves and stems of plants and eaten by the target insects

examples of stomach poisoning

pesticides that form poisonous gases when applied. They enter through the insect spiracles and cause death by poisoning. Some of their active ingredients are liquids when packaged under high pressure but change to gases when released

• do not kill but are distasteful enough to keep pests away from treated areas/commodities. They also interfere with pest's ability to locate crop.

are non-selective herbicides applied to the soil before planting.

are applied before the weed seedlings emerge through the soil surface.

re applied after weed seedlings have emerged through the soil surface. Must not be made when there is rain making them ineffective

are applied to the soil and are used as pre-plant or pre-emergence treatment

on the other hand, are generally post-emergence and can either be translocated (systemic) throughout the plant or at a specific site.

control or suppress individual plants without affecting the growth of other species. (2,4-D, mecoprop, dicamba ) - control broadleaf weeds but remains ineffective against grasses.

kill all kinds of weeds. (Paraquat, glufosinate, glyphosate).

are chemicals or biological agents that kill or inhibit fungi, including the fungal-like organisms like the Oomycetes.

Chemicals that inhibit but do not kill fungi (only inhibit its growth, sporulation, or spore germination) are also called

contain living microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) that are antagonistic to plant pathogens.

, Eco guard contains

Bio-Trek 22G contains

are effective only when applied before the fungal infection occurs

can eradicate a fungus after it has caused the infection and curing the plant

fungicides remove pathogenic fungi from the site of infection.

• Metaldehyde and methiocarb are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, highly toxic to other animals and humans, also acts as a contact poison

allows quick in killing rodent pests, but rats develop bait shyness,

Kills rodents slowly. Cause internal bleeding after several days of feeding to the poison. It needs repeated ingestion for several days leaving the rodents to grow weaker daily.

are pesticides that kill rodents that include rats and mice, and squirrels. • usually formulated as baits, designed to attract animal