Corporate governance

Crisis management is the process by which an organization deals with a major event that threatens to harm the organization, its stakeholders, or the general public.

Cumulative voting (also accumulation voting, weighted voting or multi-voting) is a multiple-winner voting system intended to promote more proportional representation than winner-take-all elections.

A management buyout (MBO) is a form of acquisition where a company's existing managers acquire a large part or all of the company from either the parent company or from the private owners.

In financial markets, a share is a unit of account for various investments.

A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a partnership in which some or all partners (depending on the jurisdiction) have limited liabilities.

A zero-coupon bond (also discount bond or deep discount bond) is a bond bought at a price lower than its face value, with the face value repaid at the time of maturity.

An annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year.

A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits.

Initial public offering (IPO) or stock market launch is a type of public offering in which shares of a company usually are sold to institutional investors that in turn, sell to the general public, on a securities exchange, for the first time.

A partnership is an arrangement where parties, known as partners, agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.

A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company that is owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company, parent, or holding company.

A municipal bond is a bond issued by a local government or territory, or one of their agencies.

Internal control, as defined in accounting and auditing, is a process for assuring achievement of an organization's objectives in operational effectiveness and efficiency, reliable financial reporting, and compliance with laws, regulations and policies.

A business entity is an entity that is formed and administered as per commercial law in order to engage in business activities, charitable work, or other activities allowable.

A division of a business or business division (sometimes called a business sector) is one of the parts into which a business, organization or company is divided.

The President is a leader of an organization, company, community, club, trade union, university or other group.

The title chief governing officer (CGO) is an uncommon term used to designate the chairman of the board or an officeholder with another title who is considered ultimately accountable for the governance of that organization.

Directors' duties are a series of statutory, common law and equitable obligations owed primarily by members of the board of directors to the corporation that employs them.

An executive officer (often abbreviated XO) is generally a person responsible for running an organization, although the exact nature of the role varies depending on the organization.

A supervisory board or supervisory committee, often called board of directors, is a group of individuals chosen by the stockholders of a company to promote their interests through the governance of the company and to hire and supervise the executive directors and CEO.

A chief scientific officer (CSO) is an executive who manages the scientific, research or technological operations of a company or organization.

In 2010, the United States implemented the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act; the law required financial firms around the world to report accounts held by US citizens to the Internal Revenue Service.

Executive compensation or executive pay is composed of the financial compensation and other non-financial awards received by an executive from their firm for their service to the organization.