Continuum mechanics

The stream function is defined for incompressible (divergence-free) flows in two dimensions – as well as in three dimensions with axisymmetry.

In physics, a fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.

A shear stress, denoted τ (Greek: tau), is defined as the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section.

A dilatant (also termed shear thickening) material is one in which viscosity increases with the rate of shear strain.

Linear elasticity is the mathematical study of how solid objects deform and become internally stressed due to prescribed loading conditions.

The Cauchy momentum equation is a vector partial differential equation put forth by Cauchy that describes the non-relativistic momentum transport in any continuum.

Viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation.

Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, or bend strength, or transverse rupture strength is a material property, defined as the stress in a material just before it yields in a flexure test.

A seismic metamaterial, is a metamaterial that is designed to counteract the adverse effects of seismic waves on artificial structures, which exist on or near the surface of the earth.

Damage mechanics is concerned with the representation, or modeling, of damage of materials that is suitable for making engineering predictions about the initiation, propagation, and fracture of materials without resorting to a microscopic description that would be too complex for practical engineering analysis.

The Birch–Murnaghan isothermal equation of state, published in 1947 by Francis Birch of Harvard, is a relationship between the volume of a body and the pressure to which it is subjected.

The Murnaghan equation of state is a relationship between the volume of a body and the pressure to which it is subjected.

The membrane theory of shells, or membrane theory for short, describes the mechanical properties of shells when twisting and bending moments are small enough to be negligible.