Conditions of the mucous membranes

Angular cheilitis (AC), is inflammation of one or both corners of the mouth.

Cheilitis is inflammation of the lips.

Erythroplakia (or erythroplasia) is a clinical term to describe any erythematous (red) area on a mucous membrane, that cannot be attributed to any other pathology.

Fissured tongue (also known as "scrotal tongue," "lingua plicata," "Plicated tongue," and "furrowed tongue") is a benign condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the dorsum of the tongue.

Aphthous stomatitis is a common condition characterized by the repeated formation of benign and non-contagious mouth ulcers (aphthae) in otherwise healthy individuals.

Behçet's disease is a rare immune-mediated small-vessel systemic vasculitis that often presents with mucous membrane ulceration and ocular problems.

Leukoplakia (also termed leucoplakia, leukokeratosis, leukoplasia, idiopathic leukoplakia, idiopathic keratosis, or idiopathic white patch), normally refers to a condition where areas of keratosis appear as firmly attached white patches on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, although the term is sometimes used for white patches of other gastrointestinal tract mucosal sites, or mucosal surfaces of the urinary tract and genitals.

Glossitis can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface, (sometimes specifically termed atrophic glossitis).

Herpes simplex (Greek: ἕρπης herpēs, "creeping" or "latent") is a viral disease caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Geographic tongue, also known by several other terms, is an inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface.

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome (also termed "Miescher-Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome"), is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips (usually the upper lip), and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue.

Hairy leukoplakia (also known as oral hairy leukoplakia, OHL, or HIV-associated hairy leukoplakia), is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance.

Lichen planus (LP) is an uncommon disease of the skin with a prevalence reported between 0.

Keratosis Pharyngis is a medical condition where keratin grows on the surface of the pharynx, that is the part of the throat at the back of the mouth.

Epulis fissuratum (also termed inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, denture-induced fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia, denture injury tumor, denture epulis, denture induced granuloma, and granuloma fissuratum) is a benign hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue which develops as a reactive lesion to chronic mechanical irritation produced by the flange of a poorly fitting denture.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF or OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant ( 1% transformation risk ) lesion of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues).

Pyogenic granuloma (also known as a "Eruptive hemangioma", "Granulation tissue-type hemangioma", "Granuloma gravidarum", "Lobular capillary hemangioma", "Pregnancy tumor", and "Tumor of pregnancy") is a vascular lesion that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma or hormonal factors.

Torus palatinus (pl. tori palatinus) [palatinus torus (pl. palatal tori) in English] is a bony protrusion on the palate.

White sponge nevus (WSN, or white sponge naevus, Cannon's disease, hereditary leukokeratosis of mucosa, white sponge nevus of Cannon, familial white folded dysplasia, or oral epithelial nevus), is an autosomal dominant condition of the oral mucosa (the mucous membrane lining of the mouth).

Morsicatio buccarum (also termed chronic cheek biting and chronic cheek chewing) is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting or nibbling.

Pyostomatitis vegetans is an inflammatory stomatitis and most often seen in association with inflammatory bowel disease, namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG; colloquially known as trench mouth) is a common, non-contagious infection of the gums with sudden onset.

Black hairy tongue (BHT, also termed lingua villosa nigra) refers to a condition of the tongue where the filiform papillae elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance.

Acatalasia (also called acatalasemia, or Takahara's disease) is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder caused by a complete lack of catalase.

A cutaneous sinus of dental origin is where a dental infection drains onto the surface of the skin of the face or neck.

Oral florid papillomatosis is a condition characterized by a white mass resembling a cauliflower covering the tongue and extending onto other portions of the mucous membranes.

Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is an erythematous (red), desquamatous (shedding) and ulcerated appearance of the gums.

Oral mucocele (also termed mucous retention cyst, mucous extravasation cyst, mucous cyst of the oral mucosa, and mucous retention and extravasation phenomena) is a clinical term that refers to two related phenomena: * Mucus extravasation phenomenon * Mucus retention cyst Although the term cyst is often used to refer to these lesions, mucoceles are not strictly speaking true cysts because there is no epithelial lining.

Leukoplakia with tylosis and esophageal carcinoma is a rare condition characterized by leukoplakia associated with esophageal carcinoma.

Oral melanosis is pigmentation of the oral cavity that tends to occur most frequently in black people.

Melanocytic oral lesions are an extremely uncommon condition characterized by pigmented lesions of the mucous membranes.

Plasmoacanthoma is a condition of the oral mucosa characterized by a verrucous tumor with a plasma cell infiltrate.

A trumpeter's wart is a cutaneous condition characterized by a firm, fibrous, hyperkeratotic nodule on the upper lip of a trumpet player.

Median rhomboid glossitis (MRG, also known as central papillary atrophy, or glossal central papillary atrophy. ) is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae, situated on the dorsum of the tongue in the midline immediately in front of the circumvallate papillae.

Orofacial granulomatosis (abbreviated to OFG, and also termed granulomatous cheilitis, cheilitis granulomatosa, cheilitis granulomatosis, and oral granulomatosis), is a condition characterized by persistent enlargement of the soft tissues of the mouth, lips and the area around the mouth on the face.

Actinic cheilitis (abbreviated to AC, also termed actinic cheilosis, actinic keratosis of lip, solar cheilosis, sailor's lip, farmer's lip), is cheilitis (lip inflammation) caused by long term sunlight exposure.

Stomatitis nicotina (also known as nicotine stomatitis, nicotinic stomatitis, nicotine palatinus, stomatitis palatini, leukokeratosis nicotina palate, palatal leukokeratosis, smoker's keratosis, smoker's palate, and smoker's patches), is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking.

Epulis (plural epulides) is any tumor like enlargement (i.e. lump) situated on the gingival or alveolar mucosa.

Cyclic neutropenia (or cyclical neutropenia) is a form of neutropenia, a white blood cell deficiency, that tends to occur every three weeks and lasts three to six days at a time due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow.

Plasma cell gingivitis is a rare condition, appearing as generalized erythema (redness) and edema (swelling) of the attached gingiva, occasionally accompanied by cheilitis (lip swelling) or glossitis (tongue swelling).

Angina bullosa haemorrhagica (ABH) is a condition of the mucous membranes characterized by the sudden appearance of one or more blood blisters within the oral cavity.