2023-11-23T22:46:13+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Which Receptors Control the Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses? And State those Responses (Sympathetic)</p>, <p>Which Receptors Control the Muscarinic cholinoceptor-Mediated Responses? And State those Responses (Parasympathetic)</p>, <p>What is an agonist?</p>, <p>What is an antagonist?</p>, <p>What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia?</p>, <p>Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia? (6)</p>, <p>What does blocking a1-adrenergic receptor do in terms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?</p>, <p>Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the a2 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?</p>, <p>Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b1 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?</p>, <p>Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b2 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?</p>, <p>Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b3 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?</p>, <p>Overall summary of the Uses of Adrenoceptor Agonists</p>, <p>Overall summary of the Uses of Adrenoceptor Blockers</p>, <p>Altering endogenous noradrenaline Summary</p>, <p>What happens to noradrenaline after its targeted receptors have been inhibited by drugs?</p>, <p>What are some Clinical uses of Reuptake inhibitors?</p>, <p>What are some Clinical uses of Enzyme inhibitors on Monoamine oxidase?</p>, <p>Acetylcholine: Antagonist and Agonist Drugs Summary</p>, <p>Are drugs like ATROPINE and HYOSCINE muscarinic blockers?</p>, <p>What are some Clinical Uses of muscarinic blockers? (e.g. ATROPINE or HYOSCINE)</p>, <p>What are some Clinical uses of cholinoceptor agonist drugs?</p>, <p>What are some Clinical uses of cholinesterase blockers</p>, <p>Examples of how you would treat specific problems by modulation of the ANS:</p> flashcards
Clinical Uses of Drugs Altering the ANS (Pharmacology)

Clinical Uses of Drugs Altering the ANS (Pharmacology)

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  • Which Receptors Control the Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses? And State those Responses (Sympathetic)

    a1-Arterial narrowing, seminal vesical constriction. Radial muscle contraction leading to wide pupils

    a2-Reduction of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves

    b1-Increased heart rate and force of contraction

    b2-Airway and artery relaxation. Bladder and uterus relaxation

    b3-Sugar metabolism. Bladder and uterus relaxation

  • Which Receptors Control the Muscarinic cholinoceptor-Mediated Responses? And State those Responses (Parasympathetic)

    m1-Gut acid production, sweat production

    m2-Decreases cardiac activity

    m3-Saliva and sweat production, release of NO from endothelium, contraction of visceral smooth muscles, pupil narrowing

    m4-CNS

    m5-CNS

  • What is an agonist?

    An agonist is a substance that mimics the actions of a neurotransmitter or hormone to produce a response when it binds to a specific receptor in the brain

  • What is an antagonist?

    A chemical substance that binds to and blocks the activation of certain receptors on cells, preventing a biological response

  • What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia?

    A condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous

  • Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia? (6)

    -weak, slow urinary stream

    -a hesitancy and straining to urinate

    -prolonged voiding,

    -an inability to empty the bladder completely

    -an urgent, sometimes uncontrollable need to void,

    -nighttime urination (nocturia)

  • What does blocking a1-adrenergic receptor do in terms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

    a1-Arterial narrowing

    Blocking it causes relaxation of smooth muscle in the bladder, neck, urethra and prostate gland

  • Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the a2 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?

    a2-Reduction of transmitter release from sympathetic nerves

    No real use for agonist, although CLONIDINE does have central effects to lower blood pressure

    No real use for antagonists like YOHIMBINE

  • Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b1 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?

    b1-Increased heart rate and force of contraction

    Agonist e.g. DOBUTAMINE:

    Cardiac stimulants = activate b1 = Increase in adenylate cyclase = Increase in cAMP = Increase in force and rate.

    Antagonists e.g. ATENOLOL or PROPRANOLOL:

    Heart failure and ischemic heart disease = Slow heart rate = decrease demand and increase perfusion (passage of fluid)

    ALSO

    b1-Increases ocular fluid production from ciliary body (helps with eyes)

    Antagonists e.g. TIMOLOL:

    Reduces flow of aqueous humour and where you go, reduced blood pressure, prevents glaucoma

  • Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b2 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?

    b2-Airway and artery relaxation. Glycogenesis

    Agonist of b2 e.g. SALBUTAMOL:

    Asthma relief = activate b2 = Increase Adenylate cyclase - Increased cAMP = Increased smooth muscle relaxation

    Agonists of b2 or b3 in development for metabolism

    Antagonists of b2 or b3 - no real use

  • Are there any uses for agonists and antagonists for the b3 adrenergic receptor? And what drugs act as them?

    b3-Bladder and uterus relaxation. Lipolysis

    Agonist of b3 e.g. MIRABEGRON:

    Urinary incontinence and preterm labour = activate b2/b3 =Increase Adenylate cyclase = Increased cAMP = Increased smooth muscle activation

    Agonists of b2 or b3 in development for metabolism

    Antagonists of b2 or b3 - no real use

  • Overall summary of the Uses of Adrenoceptor Agonists

  • Overall summary of the Uses of Adrenoceptor Blockers

  • Altering endogenous noradrenaline Summary

  • What happens to noradrenaline after its targeted receptors have been inhibited by drugs?

    Some of these drugs inhibit receptors (block), as a result noradrenaline is built up in the synaptic cleft

    Some of these drugs inhibit receptors (block), as a result noradrenaline is built up in the synaptic cleft

  • What are some Clinical uses of Reuptake inhibitors?

    -Depression

    -ADD (Attention deficit disorder)

  • What are some Clinical uses of Enzyme inhibitors on Monoamine oxidase?

    -Depression

  • Acetylcholine: Antagonist and Agonist Drugs Summary

  • Are drugs like ATROPINE and HYOSCINE muscarinic blockers?

    Yes

  • What are some Clinical Uses of muscarinic blockers? (e.g. ATROPINE or HYOSCINE)

    -Premedication before anaesthesia to reduce secretions, sedation, prevent vagal effects

    -In heart block to increase AV conduction

    -Ophthalmology to produce mydriasis (dilation of pupil) for examination

    -Bronchodilation in severe airways disease (IPRATROPIUM due to poor liquid solubility)

    -Anti-spasmodic in GI colic

    -Antacid-PIRENZIPINE-m1 selective

    -Urinary incontinence-SOLIFENACIN-m3 selective

  • What are some Clinical uses of cholinoceptor agonist drugs?

    Muscarinic agonists:

    -PILOCARPINE (mAchR agonist) is used to treat glaucoma and dry mouth

    -Used in sweat tests

    -BETHANECHOL (maAchR agonist) occasionally used to aid bladder/gastric emptying

  • What are some Clinical uses of cholinesterase blockers

    Agents such as TACRINE, DONEPEZIL or RIVASTIGMINE used in:

    -dementia

    -Neuromuscular disease such as MYASTHESIA GRAVIS or EATON-LAMBERT syndrome

    ^ All work by raising the level of endogenous acetylcholine

  • Examples of how you would treat specific problems by modulation of the ANS: