Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather, usually over a 30-year interval.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is an organosulfur compound with the formula (CH3)2S.

The subtropical ridge, also known as the subtropical high or horse latitudes, is a significant belt of atmospheric high pressure situated around the latitudes of 30°N in the Northern Hemisphere and 30°S in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is an ocean current that is thought to affect the sea surface temperature of the North Atlantic Ocean based on different modes on multidecadal timescales.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important trace gas in Earth's atmosphere currently constituting about 0.

A greenhouse gas (abbrev. GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range.

Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.

A mediterranean climate /ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪniən/ is the climate typical of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin.

Monsoon (UK: /mɒnˈsuːn/; US: /mɑːnˈsuːn/) is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

Nuclear winter (also known as atomic winter) is a hypothesized global climatic effect most often considered a potential threat following a countervalue (or city-targeted), nuclear war, as a result of city and natural wildfire firestorms.

The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the tropic circle of latitude at 23.

The Westerlies, anti-trades, or Prevailing Westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), known by sailors as the doldrums, is the area encircling the earth near the equator where the northeast and southeast trade winds come together.

File:Arctic Sea Ice Minimum Comparison.

Altitudinal zonation in mountainous regions describes the natural layering of ecosystems that occurs at distinct altitudes due to varying environmental conditions.

In physical geography, a steppe (Old Russian: степ [step], grassland) is an ecoregion, in the montane grasslands and shrublands and temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biomes, characterized by grassland plains without trees apart from those near rivers and lakes.

The climate of Mars has been an issue of scientific curiosity for centuries, not least because Mars is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope.

A tropical climate is a climate typically found within the tropics, while a few locations outside the Tropics are considered to have a tropical climate.

The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year when hurricanes usually form in the Atlantic Ocean.

In geology and climatology, a pluvial is either a modern climate characterized by relatively high precipitation or an interval of time of variable length, decades to thousands of years, during which a climate characterized by either relatively high precipitation or humidity.

Earth rainfall climatology Is the study of rainfall a sub-field of Meteorology.

Sea ice thickness spatial extent, and open water within ice packs can vary rapidly in response to weather and climate.

Atmospheric temperature range is the numerical difference between the minimum and maximum values of temperature observed in a given location during a period of time (e.g., in a given day, month, year, century) or the average (average of all temperature ranges in a period of time).

The history of the scientific discovery of climate change began in the early 19th century when ice ages and other natural changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect first identified.

An impact winter is a hypothesized period of prolonged cold weather due to the impact of a large asteroid or comet on the Earth's surface.

An ice cap climate is a polar climate where the temperature never or almost never exceeds 0 °C (32 °F).

The climate of the Arctic is characterized by long, cold winters and short, cool summers.

The main climate state change is between periodical glacial and interglacial cycles in Earth history, studied from climate proxies.

Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation affects the location of the jet stream, which alters rainfall patterns across the West, Midwest, the Southeast, and throughout the tropics.