Hosam Mohamed-
scarring of glomeruli & loss of nephron mass; glomerular capillary HTN & inflammatory signaling; decreased GFR & increased albuminuria
What is the pathophysiology behind CKD? (3)
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inflammatory cells release TGF-B to promote mesangial proliferational; mesangioblasts produce increased ECM which leads to scarring
How does Glomerulosclerosis occur? (2)
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interstitial capillaries become permeable causing albumin to leak and trigger inflammatory response/ hypoxia
How does Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis develop?
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disruption of calcium/phosphate homeostasis-deposition in SM cells; uremic toxins cause cells to become like osteoblasts, macrophages adopt proinflammatory state-fibrosis/calcification
How does Vascular Calcification happen? (3)
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high intraglomerular capillary pressure; urinary excretion of albumin
_________ impairs the size-selective function of the glomerular
permeability barrier causing an increase in __________.
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true
Intraglomerular HTN can lead to systemic HTN. T/F?
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RAAS
What is the functional compensatory response of CKD?
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declining GFR, Albuminuria
What are the hallmark signs of CKD? (2)
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< 3 mg/mmol
What is the normal Albuminuria range?
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>30 mg/mmol
What is the Albuminuria range for severely increased?
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3-29 mg/mmol
Albuminuria range for moderate increase?
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< 15
What is the GFR for kidney failure?
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HTN, diabetes
Which disease states increase the risk of CKD? (2)
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increase in proteoglycans and advanced glycation end products cause structural changes
How does diabetes cause CKD?
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reduce albuminuria, manage HTN/diabetes, prevent secondary complications, manage fluids, review current meds for safety
What are the treatment goals for CKD? (5)
