Civil defense

This article lists notable industrial disasters, which are disasters caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or incompetence.

The Rear of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RAF-RF) (Russian: Тыл Вооружëнных Сил Российской Федерации, transcription: Tyl Vooruzhonnykh Sil Rossiyskoy Federatsii), often referred to in English as the rear services, is an organization of support services for the Russian Armed Forces.

The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a national warning system in the United States put into place on January 1, 1997 (approved by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in November 1994), when it replaced the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS), which in turn replaced the CONELRAD System.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection.

The energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated in the troposphere can be divided into four basic categories: * Blast—40–50% of total energy * Thermal radiation—30–50% of total energy * Ionizing radiation—5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) * Residual radiation—5–10% of total energy with the mass of the explosion When an air burst occurs, lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects, as higher and higher yield nuclear weapons are used.

A dust explosion is the rapid combustion of fine particles suspended in the air, often but not always in an enclosed location.

Russian President Boris Yeltsin established the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Affairs for Civil Defence, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (Russian: Министерство России по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий), also known as The Ministry of Emergency Situations, MChS (Russian: Министерство по чрезвычайным ситуациям – МЧС России), or internationally as EMERCOM (derived from "Emergency Control Ministry") on January 10, 1994.

Voluntary People's Druzhina (Russian: Добровольная Народная Дружина, ДНД, Dobrovolnaya Narodnaya Druzhina, DND) variously translated as Voluntary People’s Guard, People’s Volunteer Squads, People's Volunteer Militia, etc.

The Kearny fallout meter, or KFM, is an expedient radiation meter.

The Volkssturm (German pronunciation: [ˈfɔlks.ʃtʊɐ̯m], "people's storm") was a German national militia established during the last months of World War II.

Air-raid shelters, also known as bomb shelters, are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air.

Cresson Henry Kearny (/ˈkɑːrni/; January 7, 1914 — December 18, 2003) wrote several survival-related books based primarily on research performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Ministry of Emergency Situations of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası Fövqəladə Hallar Nazirliyi) is the central executive body within the cabinet of Azerbaijan Republic responsible for protecting the population from natural and manmade disasters.

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Reorganization Plan No.

The Volunteer Defence Corps (VDC) was an Australian part-time volunteer military force of World War II modelled on the British Home Guard.

The Royal Voluntary Service (known as the Women's Voluntary Services (WVS) from 1938 to 1966; Women's Royal Voluntary Service (WRVS) from 1966 to 2004 and WRVS from 2004 to 2013) is a voluntary organisation concerned with helping people in need throughout England, Scotland and Wales.

The Directorate General of Civil Defence provides civil defence and emergency services in Pakistan.

The Neighborhood Association (隣組 Tonarigumi) was the smallest unit of the national mobilization program established by the Japanese government in World War II.

A civil defense siren (also known as an air-raid siren or tornado siren) is a siren used to provide emergency population warning of approaching danger and sometimes to indicate when the danger has passed.

The Emergency Public Warning System was a system used in the province of Alberta, Canada until October 2011, whereby local or provincial authorities could warn the public about impending or current emergencies affecting their area.

A chōnaikai (町内会) is a Japanese local community of citizens or a form of neighbourhood association.

Fort Mellieħa or Mellieħa Fort (Maltese: Il-Fortizza tal-Mellieħa), also known as Il-Fortizza tas-Salib (meaning Fort of the Cross), is a World War II-era fort in Mellieħa, Malta.

The Public Warning System is a network of civil defense sirens installed by the Singapore Civil Defence Force on over 2,000 strategic points in Singapore to warn Singaporeans of impending dangers and air raids.

The York Cold War Bunker is a two-storey semi-subterranean Cold War bunker in the Holgate area of York, England, built in 1961 to monitor nuclear explosions and fallout in Yorkshire in the event of nuclear war.

Beneath the City Streets: A Private Inquiry into the Nuclear Preoccupations of Government is a 1970 book by British author Peter Laurie.

Making Europe Unconquerable is a book about how civilian-based defense can be incorporated into the foundations of European defense and collective security.

The Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management is New Zealand's central government agency responsible for emergency management.

The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down.

A bomb threat is generally defined as a threat, usually verbal or written, to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage, death, or injuries, whether or not such a device actually exists.

Civil Defence Ireland (Irish: Cosaint Shibhialta na hÉireann) is the national civil defence organisation of Ireland.

Many countries around the world have civil defense organizations dedicated to protecting civilians from military attacks and providing rescue services after widespread disasters.

Civil defense in Israel deals with a variety of military and terrorist threats to the civilian population, which have included concealed bombs such as suicide bombings and car bombs, projectiles such as missiles, rockets and mortars, and hijacking of aircraft, buses and buildings.

Abo Elementary School in Artesia, New Mexico, United States, was the first public school in the United States constructed entirely underground and equipped to function as an advanced fallout shelter.