NOELLE HARDY-
What is the Scientific Method?
A process used by scientists to explain observations in nature
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True or False: The Scientific Method is repeated and checked by others
True
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Does order matter in the Scientific Method?
Yes!
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The Scientific Method is composed of what four steps?
Making observations, writing a hypothesis, doing experiments, and proposing a theory.
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What are observations?
Facts obtained by observing and measuring events in nature
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Are measurements considered observations?
Yes!
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What is a hypothesis
A tentative explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation
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A statement that explains observations is called what?
A hypothesis
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Can an observation have multiple hypotheses?
Yes
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What are experiments?
They are procedures that test hypotheses, scientific laws, or theories
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Experiments have what effect on the hypotheses?
They confirm or disprove them
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What is it called when an experiment is confirmaitory?
A theory or conclusion
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What is a theory
A model that describes how the observations occur using experimental results
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A theory is a proposed explanation for what?
Observations and Scientific Laws
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Theories are general conclusions based on what?
Well established hypotheses
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What explains why something happens?
Theories
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Do theories have exceptions and expirations?
Yes!
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What is the theory triple E?
Explanation, exception, and expiration
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What is a qualitative observation?
It's a visual or observable observation
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What is a quantitative observation?
An observation using numbers or measurement
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What is a scientific law?
A statement that summarizes past observation and predicts future ones
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Are scientific laws formulated from a series of related or unrelated observations?
Related
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What predicts what will happen?
Scientific Laws
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Do laws have expirations or exceptions?
No
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Prediction/No exception/No expiration =???
Law
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Explanation/Exceptions/Expirations =??
Theory
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What is the formula for scientific notation?
A * 10^n
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What does the A equal in the formula for scientific notation?
The decimal between 1 and 10
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What does n equal in the scientific notation formula?
A whole number, positive or negative
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Is 19.8 * 10^2 written in scientific notation?
No, because the decimal must be between 1 and 10
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Is 9.18 * 10^-3.1 written in scientific notation?
No, because the exponent is not a whole number
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How do you convert a number to scientific notation?
Move the decimal point to make it between one and 10. The number of the exponent is equal to the number of times you move the decimal over (positive to the left, negative to the
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What are exact numbers?
Numbers that you can count
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Examples of exact numbers
1 shoe, 18 tank tops
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If you use tools, is a number an exact number?
No
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What are measured numbers?
Numbers with a measurement attached
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Examples of measured numbers
1.95 cm, 76 degrees fahrenheit
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Measured numbers are comprised of what two components?
Number + Unit
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Do measured numbers use tools?
Yes!
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What is a certain digit?
A digit you can quantify
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What is an estimated digit?
A digit you can't quantify
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Which digit in a number is the estimated digit?
The last digit
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What are significant figures?
All digits in a measured number including one estimated digit
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Are nonzero digits always significant?
Yes
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How many significant figures does 65.2 g have?
3
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Is a zero between nonzero digits a significant figure?
Yes
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How many significant figures does 29.05 grams have?
4
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How many significant figures does 1.0087 mL have?
5
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Are zeroes at the end of a number with a decimal place significant figures?
Yes
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Are zeroes at the end of a number without a decimal place significant figures?
No
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How many significant figures does 3.7500 cm have?
5
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Do zeroes at the beginning of a number count as significant figures?
No
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How many significant figures does 0.00245 mg have?
3
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How many significant figures does 0.008 mL have?
1
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How many significant figures does 2570 meters have?
3
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How many significant figures does 1245500 have?
5
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What is the significant figure rule for multiplication and division?
The answer has the same number of sig figs as the original number with the fewest sig
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What is the rule for significant figures for Addition and Subtraction?
The answer has the same number of decimal places as the original number with the fewest decimal places
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What are the three steps for significant figures in equations with both multiplication/division and addition/subtraction?
1. Follow Order of Operations
2. Keep Track of Significant Figures
3. Round at the End
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Define Conversion Factors
The relationships between two units
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What is dimensional analysis?
Using units as a guide to problem solving
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What does dimensional analysis use to convert a quantity in one unit to a quantity in another unit?
Conversion factors
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Units are treated like what?
Numbers
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Formula for conversion factors
Original number * new unit/old unit
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Convert 325 milligrams to grams
325 mg * 1 gram/1000 milligrams = 0.325 grams
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What is density?
A physical property that relates the mass of a substance to its volume
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What is the formula for density?
Density = mass(in grams)/volume(in mL or cc)
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The minimum number of digits needed to express a measured number without a loss of accuracy is known as what?
Significant Figures
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What are the four rules for significant figures?
1. Nonzero digits always count
2. Leading zeroes never count
3. Zeroes between non-zeroes always count
4. Trailing zeroes only count if in a decimal place
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Is density a physical or chemical property?
Physical
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What is the density of water?
1 gram/ml
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What is the formula for mass?
Mass = Density x Volume
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What is the formula for Volume
Volume = Mass/Density
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What is a measuring tool used for?
Determining a quantity such as the length or the mass of an object
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Formula for Volume of a Rectangle
a x b x c
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Formula for Volume of a Cube
V = a^3
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If the density of an object is larger than water, will it sink or float?
Sink
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If the density of an object is smaller than water, will it sink or float?
Float
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If the density of an object is roughly the same as water, will it sink or float?
Sink
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What is chemistry?
The science of the everyday experience
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What is the study of everything we touch, see, smell, or taste?
Chemistry
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The study of matter and its composition, properties, and transformations is called what?
Chemistry
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What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
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What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
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What state of matter has no fixed shape but a definite volume?
Liquid
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What state of matter has no fixed shape and an indefinite volume?
Gas
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Can a solid be independent of its container?
Yes
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Does a liquid take the shape of its container?
Yes!
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How are the particles of a solid arranged
In a three dimensional array
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How are particles arranged in liquid?
The particles are close together but can randomly move around and slide past one another
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How are particles arranged in gas?
Particles are far apart and move around randomly
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What is matter?
The material that makes up all things
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Anything that has mass and occupies space (has volume) is called what?
Matter
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Matter is composed of what?
Atoms and molecules
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What makes up all matter?
Atoms
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What is it called when atoms are joined together in units?
Molecules
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What is a pure substance?
A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule
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A type of matter with a fixed or definite composition is called what?
A pure substance
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What are elements?
They are pure substances that contain only one type of material
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How many elements are on the Periodic Table?
118
