Lewis structure
all atoms and bonds are explicitly drawn, only practical for small molecule
Partially condense structure
- the C – H bonds are not drawn explicitly
- also only practical for small molecule
Condense structure
- none of the bonds are drawn
- group of atoms are clustered together, when possible
- only practical for small molecule
Molecular formula
- simply shows the number of each type of atom in the compound
- no structural information provided
Bond line structures
an efficient drawing style that can be used to draw molecules very quickly
Functional group
is a characteristic group of atoms/bonds that possess a predictable chemical behavior
Alkyl halides
have a carbon atom bonded to a halogen (Cl, Br, or I)
Alcohols
have a carbob atom bonded to the oxygen of a hydroxyl group
Ethers
have 2 carbon atoms bonded to the same oxygen
Amines
have a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen
Thiols
have a carbon atom bonded to an -SH group
Sulfide
have 2 carbon atoms bonded to the same sulfur
Ketone
have 2 carbon atoms bonded to the C=O
Aldehydes
have at least one H bonded to the C=O
Carboxylic acid
have an -OH group bonded to the C=O
Esters
have an ether-like oxygen boned to the C=O
Amides
have an amine like nitrogen bonded to the C=O
Acyl Halide
have Chlorine bonded to the C=O