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During which phase of general anesthesia would the risk of aspiration be the greatest?induction
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Which anesthetic monitoring device registers the brain wave activity of the patient and enables anesthetic titration for optimal level of consciousness during surgical intervention?bispectral index
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Benzodiazepines are classified by the Controlled Substances Act as which class?Class IV
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Which type of drug is used to treat possible postoperative nausea and vomiting?antiemetic
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Why would a neurosurgeon order mannitol for a patient during a craniotomy for excision of tumor?decrease intracranial pressure
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How are most drugs absorbed by the body?passive transport
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Which of the following is NOT a drug administration route?biodegradable
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What is the pharmacological agent administered specifically to treat malignant hyperthermia (MH)?dantrolene
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Which drug is administered intravenously to treat life-threatening cardiac ventricular arrhythmias?lidocaine HCl
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What is the name of the device used to support or modify the curvature of an endotracheal tube during intubation?stylet
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Which anatomical structure regulates temperature by monitoring processes of heat production and loss in the human body?hypothalamus
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What would be the scrubbed surgical technologist’s role in the general anesthesia induction phase?maintains absolute quiet
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During which type of assessment would Korotkoff’s sounds be heard?using a stethoscope for manual blood pressure
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Which type of anesthesia would be considered nontraditional in the United States?acupuncture
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Which of the following pharmacological agents provides muscle relaxation by preventing acetylcholine from stimulating muscle contraction?nondepolarizing
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What side effects after the use of the dissociative agent ketamine HCl make it contraindicated for use on adults?morbid hallucinations
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Diminished cardiac and urinary output, hypotension, and tachycardia are signs of:shock
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The practice of applying cricoid pressure during endotracheal intubation was named for a British anesthesiologist named:Sellick
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The anesthesia provider would assign which physical status classification rating to a patient with severe systemic disease, massive obesity, poorly controlled hypertension, or status postmyocardial infarction?ASA 3
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A bovine-derived enzyme used as a chemical method of hemostasis is:thrombin
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Drugs used for ophthalmological procedures are similar to those for systemic use but must be:more pure
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What is the topical agent used by peripheral vascular and neurosurgeons to dilate blood vessels intraoperatively?papaverine HCl
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Which type of ophthalmic medication constricts the pupil?miotic
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Which classification of drugs is used to induce uterine contractions and reduce bleeding after vaginal or cesarean section delivery?oxytocic
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Which drug is an anticoagulant antagonist used to reverse the effects of heparin?protamine sulfate
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A widely accepted list of safety measures is entitled the Six "__________"_ of Medication Administration.Rights
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Minums, drams, and drops are volume measurements in which measurement system?apothecary
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Which type of medication container would pose the highest risk of injury to the handler and contamination of the medication by glass particles?ampule
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The apothecary system of measurement based weight measurement on a grain of:wheat
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Which of the following naming categories for pharmaceutical drugs would NOT be used in a health care setting?street
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Cough syrups containing codeine would be placed in which classification of controlled substances?Class V
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Which type of drug preparation both is sweetened and contains alcohol?elixir
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In which anatomical organ does biotransformation of drugs most often take place?liver
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are also known as:analgesics
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What is the term for the portion of the endotracheal tube that is inflated to create a closed airway system?cuff
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Which measurement method is used to determine end tidal volume of expired carbon dioxide?capnography
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What is the medical term for normal breathing?eupnea
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Which vitamin is required for activation of the body’s natural clotting mechanism?K
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Avitene is the brand name for which type of chemical hemostatic agent?microfibrillar collagen
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Ancef, Kefzol, and Keflex are brand names for which category of antibiotic/anti-infective agents?cephalosporins
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Fentanyl citrate is the generic name for which of the following analgesics?Sublimaze
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The ratio of a solution’s solute to solvent is its:concentration
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By what name is the international System of Units more commonly known?metric system
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A patient prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin for angina would:place it under his tongue
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Teratogens fall into which category of medication effects?toxic
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Magnesium, calcium, and zinc come from which drug source?mineral
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Which governmental regulatory agency has oversight of pharmaceutical companies?FDA
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What is the chemical name for a chemical or drug that causes birth defects?teratogen
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Which category of drug is used to outline hollow or tubular anatomical structures for radiographic visualization?contrast media
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Which type of reaction occurs when a drug potentiates or enhances the effect of another substance?agonistic
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Which type of pharmaceutical agent binds to another agent’s receptor site, preventing the other agent from binding there and causing its desired effects?antagonist
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What type of irrigating solution is used during placement of synthetic grafts in cardiovascular surgery to prevent clotting?heparinized saline
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What type of anesthesia nerve block involves injecting local anesthetics with Wydase around the optic nerves?retrobulbar
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Lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivicaine are examples of which type of nerve conduction blocking agents?amino amides
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Extreme caution should be exercised when using which of the following for localized anesthesia of fingers, toes, or the penis, or in neonates?epinephrine
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Which of the following topical anesthetics is used as a “freezing” method to block pain receptors in skin?ethyle chloride
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What is another term for spinal anesthesia?intrathecal
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What is the term for a spinal anesthetic solution that has the same specific gravity as cerebrospinal fluid?isobaric
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What is done to an upper extremity with an Esmarch bandage prior to inflation of the double-cuffed tourniquet used in Bier block anesthesia?exsanguination
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When a patient undergoes induced hypothermia to a level of 68°F or below, it is termed to be:profound
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Drugs used for prophylaxis relieve pain or other symptoms of a disease process.False
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A patient taking a medication for a long period may experience tolerance, resulting in the need to increase the dosage to achieve the same benefit as before.True
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Antibiotics and the anticoagulant heparin are frequently diluted with normal saline to achieve a more powerful dosage than the original strength.False
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To convert weight in pounds to kilograms for a near estimate in an emergency, divide the pounds in half and then subtract the first digit of the answer from the answer itself to get the conversion total. For example, 160/2 = 80, 80 – 8 = 72.True
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The surgical technologist (ST) and circulating RN verify a drug’s name, strength, expiration, and amount together; then the ST labels any container holding it; and states the drug name and strength aloud to the surgeon as it is being passed.True
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Category of drugs used to alter pH of gastric secretions, reduce gastric volume, and promote pyloric emptyingHistamine antagonists
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Type of neuromuscular blockade that can cause muscle fasciculations and cannot be pharmacologically reversedDepolarizing agents
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IV fluid that is a solution of water and serum electrolytes; similar to plasmaRinger’ssolution
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Category of Class IV controlled drugs with sedative/tranquilizer effects: adjunct to general anesthesia; produces amnesic and muscle relaxation effectsBenzodiazepines
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Reversal agent for opioids that works by competing for CNS receptor sites preventing opioid binding; naloxone HCl (Narcan) is commonly usedNarcoticantagonists
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Medications used to permit rapid transition from consciousness to unconsciousness by quickly bypassing the excitement phase of general anesthesiaInductionagents
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Potent liquids inhaled via a vaporizer to produce general anesthesia through CNS depression and decreased EEG activity and muscle toneVolatile agents
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Anesthetic agents delivered through the anesthesia circuit; pass into the bloodstream via the respiratory system to maintain unconsciousnessInhalation agents
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Fluid component of blood containing blood clotting factors removed from one unit of whole bloodFresh frozen plasma
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Markings on syringes and containers that allow for precise measurementCalibrations
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Listing of common medical conditions that a particular medication is used to treatIndications
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The effects of a pharmaceutical agent at the target site; includes theories of receptor, enzyme, and nonspecific interactionsDrug actions
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Class of medications that are available without physician authorizationOver-the-counter
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Metabolic processing of a drug within the body; includes absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretionPharmacokinetics
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Study of the interaction of drug molecules with the target cells of living tissuePharmacodynamics
