2022-10-19T06:30:55+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>structural support, movement leverage, protection, mineral storage, bc formation, energy storage</p>, <p>osteocytes</p>, <p>occupy lacunae</p>, <p>Osteoblasts</p>, <p>Osteogenic cells</p>, <p>HCL, lysosomal enzymes</p>, <p>organic components (35%); inorganic components (65%)</p>, <p>compact bone</p>, <p>spongy bone</p>, <p>fibrous layer, osteogenic</p>, <p>Fibrous layer</p>, <p>Osteogenic layer</p>, <p>Perforating fibers (sharpey's fibers)</p>, <p>Endosteum</p>, <p>diaphysis</p>, <p>epiphysis</p>, <p>Diaphysis</p>, <p>Epiphysis</p>, <p>medullary cavity</p>, <p>no nerves/blood vessels, surrounded by dense ct, consists primarily of water, resilient </p>, <p>appositional growth</p>, <p>interstitial</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>Ossification</p>, <p>Intramembranous ossification</p>, <p>mesenchymal </p>, <p>endochondral ossification </p>, <p>parathyroid hormone</p>, <p>calcitonin</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>Skin</p>, <p>liver/kidney</p> flashcards
Chapter 56: structure and function of the musculoskeletal system

Chapter 56: structure and function of the musculoskeletal system

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  • structural support, movement leverage, protection, mineral storage, bc formation, energy storage

    List Function of bones:

  • osteocytes

    -monitor/maintain protein and mineral content of bone matrix

  • occupy lacunae

    -("little caves") between calcified layers of matrix

  • Osteoblasts

    -actively produce and secrete organic portion of bone matrix or osteoid

    -found on the inner or outer surfaces of bone

  • Osteogenic cells

    -stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts for healing

    -randomly dispersed throughout bone matrix

    -most concentrated at innermost lining of periosteum and endosteum

  • HCL, lysosomal enzymes

    Osteoclasts secrete what?

  • organic components (35%); inorganic components (65%)

    What is the makeup of the bone matrix?

  • compact bone

    -dense/solid outer layer of bone

  • spongy bone

    -honeycomb of small needle-like flat pieces (trabeculae) form internal network of bone

  • fibrous layer, osteogenic

    What are the layers of the periosteum?

  • Fibrous layer

    -covering on outside of bone (not present on sesamoid bones or where tendons, ligaments, or joint capsules are attached)

  • Osteogenic layer

    -this layer contains osteoprogenitor cells for growth and repair

  • Perforating fibers (sharpey's fibers)

    -secures periosteum; provides insertion points for tendons and ligaments

  • Endosteum

    -covers trabeculae of spongy bone lining medullary cavity

  • diaphysis

    "shaft" of a bone forms long axis

  • epiphysis

    ends of a bone; covered with articular cartilage

  • Diaphysis

    ______ supplied by nutrient artery and vein; run through nutrient foramen (opening)

  • Epiphysis

    ______ supplied by epiphyseal arteries and veins

  • medullary cavity

    -interior hollow cavity; filled with yellow marrow

  • no nerves/blood vessels, surrounded by dense ct, consists primarily of water, resilient

    What are some properties of cartilage?

  • appositional growth

    -growth from outside

    -utilizes chondroblasts

  • interstitial

    -growth from within

    -maintained by chondrocytes

  • b

    When does cartilage stop growing?

    a. before puberty

    b. late teens

    c. adulthood

    d. elderly age

  • Ossification

    -bone tissue formation

  • Intramembranous ossification

    -long bone ossification

  • mesenchymal

    Membrane bones formed directly from ____________ membrane

  • endochondral ossification

    -bones that develop initially from hyaline cartilage

  • parathyroid hormone

    this hormone prevents serum calcium from falling and serum phosphate levels from rising

  • calcitonin

    -inhibits calcium release from bone and by inhibiting osteoclast activity

  • a

    Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is converted to ________ via __________

    a. intestine absorption, vit d3

    b. skin, vit d4

    c. liver, d3

    d. kidney, d3

  • Skin

    This organ converts UV radiation and converts 7-dehydrocholesterol D3 to Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)

  • liver/kidney

    _____________ hydroxylates Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) to 1,25-dihydrovitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3]