the integumentary system includes 4 things, what are they?
skin
sweat/oil glands
hair
nails
list the regions of the skin from most superficial to most deep
epidermis
dermis
the hypodermis is part of the skin, true or false
false
name the tissue that form the epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what are the cells of the epidermis?
keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
what is the function of keratinocytes?
produce hard and water-repellent keratin
what is the function of melanocytes?
produce melanin
what is the function of langerhans' cells
activate immune system
what is the function of merkel cells
part of sensory touch receptors
list the layers of the epidermis from most deep to most superficial
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
what are the two layers of the dermis?
papillary layer
reticular layer
what tissue forms the papillary layer of the dermis?
what structure does it contain that pushes into the overlying epidermis
areolar connective tissue
dermal papillae
what can be found within the dermal papillae?
pain receptors
capillaries
Meissner's corpuscles
what tissue forms the reticular layer of the dermis?
what can be found within this layer?
dense irregular connective tissue
cutaneous plexus containing blood vessels
what three pigments contribute to skin color
carotene
melanin
hemoglobin
describe the eccrine sweat glands
empty onto skin surface via ducts
sweating prevents overheating
describe the apocrine sweat glands
axillary and anogenital regions
ducts empty in hair follicles
ceruminous glands produce what?
ear wax
mammary glands produce what?
milk
sebaceous glands secrete what?
sebum that lubricates the hair and skin, slows water loss, and kills bacteria
describe the function and location of Pacinian corpuscles
deeper dermis and hypodermis
detects deep pressure
what is the function of free nerve endings?
detect painful stimuli
list the three types of skin cancer from least malignant to most
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
melanoma
this type of burn stems from damage of the epidermis
what does it result in?
first degree
redness, swelling, pain
this type of burn stems from damage of the epidermis and upper dermis
what does it result in?
second degree
blisters
this type of burn stems from damage of the entire skin and requires what to heal?
third degree
skin grafts