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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?12
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Penfield #1 through #5 are:dissectors
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The circle of Willis is a:network of connected arteries at the base of the brain
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Which of the following is a primary benign tumor that arises from the protective coverings of the brain?meningioma
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Which of the following results most often from skull trauma over the middle meningeal artery with symptoms progressing to brain-stem herniation if not treated?epidural hematoma
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Which facial sinus is used for surgical approach to a pituitary adenoma rather than traditional craniotomy?sphenoid
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Which anatomical structure is the tough band that encases the intervertebral disc material?annulus fibrosis
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Which approach is MOST desirable for treatment of herniated cervical disc with subsequent intervertebral fusion?anterior medial
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How many vertebrae are there in the normal adult spine?33
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The instrument called a Kerrison is a(n):rongeur
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Which surgical procedure treats compression of the median nerve by a transverse ligament?carpal tunnel release
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Which portion of the spinal column consists of five fused vertebrae in the average adult?sacrum
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What is another name for the first cervical vertebra (C-1)?atlas
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What is the name of the structure on which the pituitary gland sits?sella turcica
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What is the name of the structure that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?choroid plexus
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Monro, Sylvius, Magendie, and Luschka are:aqueducts and foramina
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Which instrument could be used for burr-hole cranial perforation if no powered equipment is available?Hudson brace
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Which of the following is used for scalp hemostasis and resembles a Crile or Kelly hemostat except the curve is to the side?Dandy
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What is the distal-most area of the spinal cord or spinal nerves called?filum terminale
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For which surgical procedure would petroleum gauze nasal packing be used as part of the dressing?transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
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Into which anatomical structure or area is the distal catheter most often inserted in a V-P shunt procedure?peritoneal cavity
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What is the name of the horseshoe or pin fixation device for neurosurgical cranial positioning?Mayfield
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What is the anatomical area where cerebrospinal fluid circulates over all parts of the central nervous system?subarachnoid space
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What is the largest part of the human brain?cerebrum
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Which of the following are countable surgical sponges used in neurosurgical procedures to protect delicate tissues?Cottonoid patties
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Which of the following is a radiographic diagnostic procedure performed for suspected aneurysm near the circle of Willis?cerebral angiogram
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Craniosynostosis is a congenital defect involving:premature cranial suture closure
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Fiducials placed on bony landmarks are used in which type of neurosurgical procedure?stereotactic guided-imagery biopsy
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Posterior fossa craniectomy is performed for pathology involving the:cerebellum
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Which diagnostic study demonstrates a herniated disc causing spinal compression and radiographic filling defect?myelogram
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Which part of the vertebra projects most posteriorly and is often palpable through the skin in the convex areas of the spine?spinous process
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Which anatomical structure is the soft, gelatinous part of the intervertebral disc, which is sent as specimen after diskectomy?nucleus pulposus
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Osteophytes are:bony spurs
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Which of the following is a result of torn bridging veins between the cerebral cortex and venous sinuses?subdural hematoma
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Which of the following is the lowest part of the brain stem and contiguous with the spinal cord?medulla oblongata
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All of the following are examples of congenital anomalies EXCEPT:herniated nucleus pulposus
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What is the term for a deep groove in the cerebrum that separates the brain into lobes?fissure
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What is the name of the dural fold that separates the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?falx cerebri
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What is the name of the dural fold that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum and may be used to delineate surgical approach in reference to it?tentorium
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Wilson, Andrews, and Hall frames are examples of positioning devices used for:lumbar hemilaminotomy
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Which portion of the normal spinal column has five (5) vertebrae?lumbar
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Which instrument is used to extract pieces of the nucleus pulposus in a diskectomy?pituitary rongeur
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Which position is usually used for microdecompression endoscopic diskectomy?lateral
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In which procedure are the esophagus, carotid artery, and trachea retracted medially for access to the area of pathology?anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion
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From which area is an autologous bone graft usually procured for anterior cervical fusion procedures?iliac crest
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What is the name of the measuring device used to assess intraventricular pressure?manometer
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What part of the body is prepped for ulnar nerve decompression or transposition?upper extremity
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Carpal tunnel syndrome is treated by:incising the transverse carpal ligament to decompress the nerve
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The visual cortex of the brain is located in which region?occipital
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Which of the following layered structures has the closest and most intimate contact with the brain?pia
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What is the name of the outfolding convolutions of the brain?gyri
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Which of the following neurosurgical retractors has attachments for malleable brain spatulas and retractors?Leyla-Yasargil
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When incising the cranium between burr holes, what attachment to the powered craniotome is necessary to prevent injury of underlying tissues?dural guard with footplate
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Which instrument is used to strip and separate the galea and pericranium from the skull before placement of burr holes?Langenbeck periosteal elevator
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Papaverine is used in craniotomy for aneurysm clipping to prevent:vasospasm
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Where do most intracranial aneurysms occur?arterial bifurcations
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What is the name of the group of spinal nerves that continue from the distal spinal cord at about L-2 in the average adult?cauda equina
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Which of the following bilateral paired nerves are the largest in the body and innervate the buttocks and lower extremities?sciatic
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Which retractor has a proximal hook placed in the wound and a distal hook for attachment of a weight or sandbag using a sterile Kerlix roll for suspension?Taylor
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What is the name of the set of instruments used for anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion that includes retractors, spreaders, bone dowel cutters, impactors, and others?Cloward
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Special attention must be taken during application and removal of the Mayfield cranial fixation device due to the removal of the OR table head piece.True
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The surgical technologist may have up to three separate setups in a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy procedure: nasal access, tumor excision, and fascial graft.True
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Herniated nucleus pulposus is a congenital disorder that must be treated surgically in the neonate to prevent quadriplegia.False
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The skull flap can be reattached to the cranium by small titanium plates and screws or with stainless steel wire.True
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The foramen magnum is the large opening at the base of the skull and site of irreversible brain stem herniation due to increased intracranial pressure.True
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Disease of the spinal nerve roots that results in pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness of the extremitiesRadiculopathy
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Irrigation and aspiration instrument that uses variable ultrasonic energy to remove tumor tissue without disrupting normal structuresCUSA
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Mode of electrosurgical energy frequently used for thermal hemostasis in and around delicate neural structuresBipolar
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Surgical method of using three-dimensional plotting for guidance to biopsy or excise pathology with least amount of collateral damageStereotaxis
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Most primitive part of the central nervous system; responsible for basic vital life functionsBrain stem
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Infection of central nervous system tissue via direct injury or remote circulatory transfer; may require surgical excisionBrain abscess
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Mechanism of supplying of oxygen to an area of an organ when the normal perfusion has been interrupted; example is circle of WillisCollateral flow
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Inability to move the lower part of the body due to spinal trauma, disease, or disorderParaplegia
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Generation of heat during a chemical reaction; example is result of mixing powder and liquid to create polymethyl methacrylateExothermic
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Cannulated instrument designed to provide passage for distal catheter in V-P or V-A shunt proceduresTunneler
