2024-09-16T20:59:16+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Amplitude is the ___ and it determines ___</p>, <p>Wavelength is the ___ and it determines ___</p>, <p>Frequency (also velocity) is the ___ and it measures ___</p>, <p><strong>Total energy</strong> of an electromagnetic wave is equal to ___</p>, <p>Characteristics of a low energy wave <strong>(3)</strong></p>, <p>Characteristics of a high energy wave <strong>(3)</strong></p>, <p>Speed of light constant <strong>(c)</strong></p>, <p>Planck's constant <strong>(h)</strong></p>, <p><strong>Wavelength</strong> of light formula </p>, <p><strong>Frequency</strong> of light formula</p>, <p>Energy of a <strong>single photon</strong> formula</p>, <p>Energy of <strong>multiple photons</strong> formula</p>, <p>nm → m</p>, <p>What are the <strong>lowest frequencies</strong> of light <strong>below</strong> visible light</p>, <p>What are the <strong>highest frequencies</strong> of light <strong>above </strong>visible light</p>, <p>On an <strong>emission spectrum</strong>, electromagnetic radiation is ___ by ___ a photon and the electron transitions from a ___ energy level to a ___ one</p>, <p>On an absorption spectrum, electromagnetic radiation is ___ by ___ a photon and the electron transitions from a ___ energy level to a ___ one</p>, <p>What does <strong>quantized </strong>mean <strong>(2)</strong></p>, <p>Energy of a single electron constant <strong>(E)</strong></p>, <p><strong>Energy spectra of a hydrogen atom</strong> formula </p>, <p><strong>Energy of an electron transition in a hydrogen atom</strong> formula</p>, <p>What is an <strong>orbital (</strong>what is it determined by)</p>, <p><strong>Principal quantum number</strong> <strong>(<em>n</em>) </strong>determine the ___ and ___ of the orbital and can only be ___ numbers</p>, <p><strong>Angular momentum quantum number (ℓ)</strong> determines the ___ of the orbital and is equal to ___</p>, <p><strong>Magnetic quantum number (<em>m</em><sub>ℓ</sub>)</strong> specifies the ___ of the orbital and is equal to ___</p>, <p><strong>Spin quantum number (<em>m<sub>s</sub></em>)</strong> specifies the ___ of the electron and represents it as either ___ or ___</p>, <p>Level vs. sublevel of orbitals</p>, <p>s p d f notation of <strong>ℓ quantum numbers</strong></p>, <p>s orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons</p>, <p>p orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons</p>, <p>d orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons</p>, <p>f orbitals have ___ and ___ electrons</p>, <p>Higher energy levels contain orbitals that are ___ from the nucleus, lower energy levels contain orbitals that are ___ to the nucleus </p> flashcards

Chapter 2 - Quantum mechanics of the atom

Electromagnetic spectrum Waves, frequency, and energy Photons and energy Orbitals The shapes of atomic orbitals Atomic quantum numbers

Customize
collection saved
Share
Long Term Learning Spaced Repetition
Add to Long Term Learning Desk
Fast learning Repeat this set of flashcards
Preview Test Spell
Play
Match
Review

  • Amplitude is the ___ and it determines ___

    - Height of a crest or trough

    - A lights intensity

  • Wavelength is the ___ and it determines ___

    - Distance between crests or troughs

    - A lights color

  • Frequency (also velocity) is the ___ and it measures ___

    - Number of waves that pass a point in a give time

    - Wave speed

  • Total energy of an electromagnetic wave is equal to ___

    total energy = the amplitude and frequency of the wave

  • Characteristics of a low energy wave (3)

    - Smaller amplitude

    - Longer waves

    - Lower frequency (longer waves = lower frequency)

  • Characteristics of a high energy wave (3)

    - Larger amplitude

    - Shorter waves

    - Higher frequency (shorter waves = higher frequency)

  • Speed of light constant (c)

    3.00x108 m/s

  • Planck's constant (h)

    6.626x10-34 J · s

  • Wavelength of light formula

    wavelength = speed of light ÷ velocity

  • Frequency of light formula

    Frequency (v) = speed of light ÷ wavelength

  • Energy of a single photon formula

    E = h · v

    - h is Planck's constant

    - v is speed of light ÷ wavelength (frequency formula)

  • Energy of multiple photons formula

    E = n · h · v

    - n is # of photons

    - h is Planck's constant

    - v is speed of light ÷ wavelength (frequency formula)

  • nm → m

    nm → m = multiply by 10-9m

    m → nm = divide by 10-9nm

  • What are the lowest frequencies of light below visible light

    - Radio (lowest)

    - Microwave

    - Infrared

  • What are the highest frequencies of light above visible light

    - Ultraviolet

    - X-ray

    - Gamma ray (highest)

  • On an emission spectrum, electromagnetic radiation is ___ by ___ a photon and the electron transitions from a ___ energy level to a ___ one

    - Electromagnetic radiation EMITTED by releasing a photon

    - Electron transitions from a higher energy level → a lower energy level

    (bright lines on a dark background)

  • On an absorption spectrum, electromagnetic radiation is ___ by ___ a photon and the electron transitions from a ___ energy level to a ___ one

    - Electromagnetic radiation ABSORBED by absorbing a photon

    - Electron transitions from a lower energy level → a higher energy level

    (dark lines on a bright background)

  • What does quantized mean (2)

    - To divide something into small but measurable increments that limit the values or states that it can occupy

    - Allows us to make discrete and measurable values

  • Energy of a single electron constant (E)

    E = - 2.178x10-18

  • Energy spectra of a hydrogen atom formula

    E = - 2.178x10-18 J · n2

  • Energy of an electron transition in a hydrogen atom formula

    E = - 2.178x10-18 J · (1/n2f - 1/n2i)

    - f is final energy state

    - i is initial energy state

  • What is an orbital (what is it determined by)

    - A probability distribution map of where an electron is likely to be found

    - Is determined by a set of quantum numbers

  • Principal quantum number (n) determine the ___ and ___ of the orbital and can only be ___ numbers

    - The size and energy of the orbital

    - Can only be in integers

  • Angular momentum quantum number (ℓ) determines the ___ of the orbital and is equal to ___

    - The shape of the orbital

    - Is = (n - ℓ)

  • Magnetic quantum number (mℓ) specifies the ___ of the orbital and is equal to ___

    - The orientation of the orbital compared to other orbitals

    - Is = -ℓ...0...ℓ+ (all integers in-between)

  • Spin quantum number (ms) specifies the ___ of the electron and represents it as either ___ or ___

    - The orientation of the spin of the electron

    - (+1/2) = spin up

    - (-1/2) = spin down

  • Level vs. sublevel of orbitals

    Level (n) = refers to the total # of energy levels within an atom (contains all orbitals)

    Sublevel (s p d f) = Divides up each n level into s p d f levels (only refers to the orbitals within a single n level)

  • s p d f notation of ℓ quantum numbers

    - ℓ = 0 → s

    - ℓ = 1 → p

    - ℓ = 2 → d

    - ℓ = 3 → f

  • s orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons

    - 1 orbital

    - 2 electrons

  • p orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons

    - 3 orbitals

    - 6 electrons

  • d orbitals have ___ orbitals and ___ electrons

    - 5 orbitals

    - 10 electrons

  • f orbitals have ___ and ___ electrons

    - 7 orbitals

    - 14 electrons

  • Higher energy levels contain orbitals that are ___ from the nucleus, lower energy levels contain orbitals that are ___ to the nucleus

    higher energy levels = further away orbitals

    lower energy levels = closer orbitals