2023-12-03T20:01:29+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>what is the function of the endocrine system?</p>, <p>how does the endocrine influence metabolic activity?</p>, <p>describe Hormones </p>, <p>List 5 things the Endocrine System Controls</p>, <p>endocrine glands are _______</p>, <p>what cells are influenced by hormones?</p>, <p>where is the thymus located?</p>, <p>where is the pineal gland located?</p>, <p>where is the thyroid gland located?</p>, <p>where is the parathyroid gland located?</p>, <p>where are the adrenal glands located?</p>, <p>where is the pancreas located?</p>, <p>Degree of target cell activation depends on what three things?</p>, <p>what is up-regulation?</p>, <p>what is down-regulation?</p>, <p>what is permissiveness?</p>, <p>what is synergism</p>, <p>what is Anatagonism?</p>, <p>Synthesis and release of most hormones are regulated by some type of <strong>__________________________________</strong></p>, <p>what is a humoral stimuli?</p>, <p>what is a neural stimuli?</p>, <p>what is a hormonal stimuli?</p>, <p>The nervous system makes these adjustments to maintain homeostasis by _____________________________________</p>, <p>where is the pituitary gland located?</p>, <p>what is the posterior pituitary gland made of?</p>, <p>what does the posterior pituitary gland release?</p><p>is it considered a true gland that manufactures hormones?</p>, <p>Posterior pituitary lobe and infundibulum is the region called the <strong>____________</strong></p>, <p>what is the anterior pituitary gland composed of?</p>, <p>what regulates anterior pituitary secretion?</p>, <p>Growth Hormone (GH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Oxytocin is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>what are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland?</p>, <p>what is the function of parathyroid hormone?</p>, <p>mineralocorticoids are produced by what?</p><p>what is its function?</p>, <p>glucocorticoids are produced by what?</p><p>their effects include </p><p>Promotes __________ and _________</p><p>Mobilizes fats for energy metabolism&nbsp;</p><p>Stimulate protein catabolism&nbsp;</p><p>Assists body to resist _____</p><p>Depress __________ and ____________</p><p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p></p>, <p>gonadocorticoids are produced by what?</p><p>what effect does it have?</p>, <p>catecholamines are produced by what?</p><p><strong>Effects</strong></p><p><strong>Mimic ___________________</strong></p><p><strong>Increase _________</strong></p><p><strong>Increase __________</strong></p><p><strong>Increase ____________ via _________</strong></p>, <p>glucagon is produced by what?</p><p>_____________</p><p>Breakdown of ________ to __________</p><p>Release of _______ to the blood by liver cells</p><p>Causes ___________ levels to rise</p>, <p>Insulin is produced by what?</p><p>Effects</p><p>Enhances ___________________ into most body cells, especially muscle and fat cells</p><p>__________________ of glycogen to glucose&nbsp;</p><p></p>, <p>These hormones are thought to be involved in the normal development of <em>T Lymphocytes </em>and the immune response, what are they and what are they secreted by?</p> flashcards

Chapter 16 HOLY HECK!

I FREAKEN DID IT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1

Customize
collection saved
Share
Long Term Learning Spaced Repetition
Add to Long Term Learning Desk
Fast learning Repeat this set of flashcards
Preview Test Spell
Play
Match
Review

  • what is the function of the endocrine system?

    interacts with nervous system to coordinate and integrate activity ofbody cells

  • how does the endocrine influence metabolic activity?

    hormones

  • describe Hormones

    chemical messengers released into blood for transport throughout body to regulate metabolic function of other cells

  • List 5 things the Endocrine System Controls

    Mobilization of body defenses

    Cellular metabolism

    Reproduction

    Electroyle, water, and nutrient balance

    Growth and development

  • endocrine glands are _______

    ductless

  • what cells are influenced by hormones?

    target cells

  • where is the thymus located?

    deep to sternum

  • where is the pineal gland located?

    hangs from roof of third ventricle

  • where is the thyroid gland located?

    anterior trachea

  • where is the parathyroid gland located?

    posterior trachea

  • where are the adrenal glands located?

    triangular organ on top of kidneys

  • where is the pancreas located?

    partly behind stomach

  • Degree of target cell activation depends on what three things?

    Blood level of hormones

    Relative number of receptors

    Affinity of the binding

  • what is up-regulation?

    Persistently low levels of a hormone can cause target cells to form additional receptors for that hormone

  • what is down-regulation?

    Prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations can decrease the number of receptors for that hormone

  • what is permissiveness?

    Situation in which one hormone can not exert its full effects without another hormone being present

  • what is synergism

    occurs when more than one hormone produces the same effects at the target cell and their combined effects are amplified

  • what is Anatagonism?

    Occurs when one hormone opposes the action of another

  • Synthesis and release of most hormones are regulated by some type of __________________________________

    negative feedback mechanism

  • what is a humoral stimuli?

    Endocrine glands that secrete their hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain critical ions and nutrients

  • what is a neural stimuli?

    Nerve fibers that stimulate hormone release

  • what is a hormonal stimuli?

    Endocrine glands that release their hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs

  • The nervous system makes these adjustments to maintain homeostasis by _____________________________________

    overriding normal endocrine controls

  • where is the pituitary gland located?

    sella turcia of the sphenoid bone

  • what is the posterior pituitary gland made of?

    neural tissue and nerve fibers

  • what does the posterior pituitary gland release?

    is it considered a true gland that manufactures hormones?

    neurohormones

    no

  • Posterior pituitary lobe and infundibulum is the region called the ____________

    neurohypophysis

  • what is the anterior pituitary gland composed of?

    glandular tissue

  • what regulates anterior pituitary secretion?

    Hypothalamic hormones

  • Growth Hormone (GH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    Anabolic hormone

    stimulates somatic growth

    Mobilizes fats

    Spares glucose

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    stimulate thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones

  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    Promotes release of glucocorticoids and androgens

  • Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    In females, stimulates ovarian follicle maturation

    In males, stimulates sperm production

  • Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    In females, triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production

    In males, promotes testosterone production

  • Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    anterior pituitary gland

    Promotes lactation

  • Oxytocin is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    posterior pituitary gland

    stimulates uterine contractions

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by what?

    what is its function?

    Posterior Pituitary gland

    Stimulate kidney tubule cells to reabsorb water from urine back into blood

  • what are the hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

    Thyroxine (T4)

    Triiodothyronine (T3)

  • what is the function of parathyroid hormone?

    stimulates osteoclasts to digest the bony matrix to release ionic calcium and phosphates to the blood

  • mineralocorticoids are produced by what?

    what is its function?

    adrenal gland

    elevates blood volume and blood pressure by increasing sodium levels

  • glucocorticoids are produced by what?

    their effects include

    Promotes __________ and _________

    Mobilizes fats for energy metabolism 

    Stimulate protein catabolism 

    Assists body to resist _____

    Depress __________ and ____________

     

    adrenal gland

    gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia 

    stressors

    inflammatory and immune responses

  • gonadocorticoids are produced by what?

    what effect does it have?

    adrenal gland

    source of estrogens after menopause

  • catecholamines are produced by what?

    Effects

    Mimic ___________________

    Increase _________

    Increase __________

    Increase ____________ via _________

    adrenal gland

    sympathetic nervous system activation

    heart rate

    metabolic rate

    blood pressure

    vasoconstriction

  • glucagon is produced by what?

    _____________

    Breakdown of ________ to __________

    Release of _______ to the blood by liver cells

    Causes ___________ levels to rise

    pancreas

    Glycogenolysis

    glycogen to glucose

    glucose

    blood glucose

  • Insulin is produced by what?

    Effects

    Enhances ___________________ into most body cells, especially muscle and fat cells

    __________________ of glycogen to glucose 

    pancreas

    membrane transport of glucose

    Inhibits the breakdown

  • These hormones are thought to be involved in the normal development of T Lymphocytes and the immune response, what are they and what are they secreted by?

    peptide hormones secreted by the thymus