Hosam Mohamed-
c
What percentage of calcium is protein bound?
a) 20%
b) 50%
c) 40%
d)10%
-
d
What percentage of calcium is complexed/chelated?
a) 20%
b) 50%
c) 40%
d)10%
-
b
What percentage of calcium is ionized?
a) 20%
b) 50%
c) 40%
d)10%
-
PTH
-acts to breakdown bone and activate Vitamin D
-
increase calcium absorption from intestines & calcium conservation via kidneys; excrete phosphorous
What are the two functions of vitamin D?
-
thyroid; calcitonin
The ________ gland releases _______ when calcium levels are too high; stops bone breakdown
-
a
Calcium and _____ have a reciprocal relationship, as one goes up the other goes down.
a) phosphorus
b) magnesium
c) chloride
d) sulfur
-
thyroidectomy
-calcium moves from blood back into the bone.
-
arrhythmia, decreased heart contractility, hf, positive chvostek's sign, trousseau's sign
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia?
-
prolonged qt, elongation of ST segment, ventricular tachycardia
What are ECG changes associated with hypocalcemia?
-
magnesium
Low ____ levels may indicate hypocalcemia.
-
PTH
Decreased levels of ______ indicate hypoparathyroidism.
-
Total serum ca
- tests albumin levels and pH to determine that there isn't a deficiency in the protein binding of calcium.
-
b
What is the best treatment of hypocalcemia?
a) calcium gluconate PO
b) calcium gluconate IV
c) Mg replacement
d) vitamin D
-
ace inhibitors, thiazide diuretics
Which medications can cause hypercalcemia?
-
hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypophoshpatemia
What conditions can cause hypercalcemia?
-
short st & qt; prolonged PR interval
ECG in hypercalcemia?
-
Bisphosphates
-these medications inhibit bone resorption
-
pamidronate, etidronate
What medications are bisphosphates?
-
Plicamycin
-cytotoxic antibiotic that decreases bone resorption
-
calcitonin
-reduces bone resorption and increase bone deposition Ca2+ and phosphate
-
gallium nitrate
-inhibits bone resorption
-
d
Which medication increases urinary Ca & Phosphorus excretion?
a) gallium nitrate
b) pamidronate/etidronate
c) plicamycin
d) calcitonin
e) cortisone
f) hemodialysis
-
e
Which medication is comprised of steroids and competes with vitamin d for absorption in the small intestines?
a) gallium nitrate
b) pamidronate/etidronate
c) plicamycin
d) calcitonin
e) cortisone
f) hemodialysis
-
c
Which medication is indicated for neoplastic disorders?
a) gallium nitrate
b) pamidronate/etidronate
c) plicamycin
d) calcitonin
e) cortisone
f) hemodialysis
-
a,b
Which medication is used for malignant disease?
a) gallium nitrate
b) pamidronate/etidronate
c) plicamycin
d) calcitonin
e) cortisone
f) hemodialysis
