Hosam Mohamed-
arterial blood gases
-are the major diagnostic tool for evaluating acid-base balance.
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7.35-7.45
What is the normal pH range?
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35-45 mmHg
What is the normal PaCO2 range?
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22-26 mEq/L
What is the normal HCO3 range?
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chemical buffers, respiratory response, renal response
What are the three systems that regulate blood pH?
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c
Which chemical buffer is mainly responsible for buffering blood & interstitial fluid?
a) phosphate buffer
b) protein buffer
c) bicarb buffer
-
a
Which chemical buffer is effective in the renal tubule?
a) phosphate buffer
b) protein buffer
c) bicarb buffer
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b
Which chemical buffer is the most plentiful and is related to hemoglobin?
a) phosphate buffer
b) protein buffer
c) bicarb buffer
-
carbonic acid
What is the source of H+ ions in the body?
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slow breathing; high CO2
How does the respiratory system lower the pH?
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fast breathing; low CO2
How does the respiratory system raise the pH?
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b
The ________ is twice as effective as the chemical buffer system.
a) renal
b) respiratory
c) digestive
d) endocrine
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kidneys
__________ produce bicarbonate.
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hours to days
Kidney adjustment takes ______ to accomplish.
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high; metabolic alkalosis
If pH is high that means bicarbonate is ______. What condition is this?
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low; metabolic acidosis
If pH is low then that means bicarbonate is _______. What condition is this?
-
PaO2
-reflects ability to pickup O2 from lungs.
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hypoxemia
A SaO2 less than 95% indicates
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respiratory acidosis
-carbon dioxide buildup, hypoventilation, and a drop in pH
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post op abdominal surgery, ventilation, analgesis, sedation
Who is at risk for respiratory acidosis?
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poisoning, nicotine, aminophylline, hypermetabolic, hypoxia
What are causes of hyperventilation?
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sedative, o2 therapy, paper bag breathing
Treatments for hyperventilation?
