2022-10-20T19:19:14+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial</p>, <p>Synarthroses</p>, <p>amphiarthroses </p>, <p>c</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>Diarthroses </p>, <p>Suture</p>, <p>skull</p>, <p>syndesmosis</p>, <p>Gomphosis</p>, <p>in teeth</p>, <p>suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis</p>, <p>synchondroses, symphyses</p>, <p>syncondroses </p>, <p>Symphyses </p>, <p>synovial joint</p>, <p>fibrous capsule</p>, <p>synovial membrane</p>, <p>synovial fluid</p>, <p>innervated, well vascularized </p>, <p>fill in gaps to improve fit, distribute weight evenly, minimize wear and damage</p>, <p>lubricating devices</p>, <p>weeping lubrication</p>, <p>HLA-DRB1</p>, <p>Rheumatoid factor (RF)</p>, <p>Pannus</p>, <p>MMP-1</p>, <p>NSAID, DMARDs, corticosteroids</p>, <p>Hydroxychloroquine</p>, <p>Methotrexate</p>, <p>adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept</p>, <p>e</p>, <p>HLA-B27</p>, <p>primary variant cause of osteoarthritis</p>, <p>secondary variants</p>, <p>osteoarthritis </p>, <p>Hyperuriccemia</p>, <p>Colchicine</p>, <p>Allopurinol</p> flashcards
Ch. 59- Rheumatic disorders

Ch. 59- Rheumatic disorders

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  • fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

    What are the structural classifications for joints?

  • Synarthroses

    -immovable; common in axial skeleton

  • amphiarthroses

    -slightly movable; common in axial skeleton

  • c

    Which joints are common in axial skeleton?

    a. synarthroses

    b. amphiarthroses

    c. a & b

    d. diarthroses

  • a

    Which joints are common in appendicular skeleton?

    a. diarthroses

    b. fibrous

    c. cartilaginous

    d. amphiarthroses

  • Diarthroses

    -freely movable; common in appendicular skeleton

  • Suture

    -this type of joint is held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bone edges interlock

  • skull

    Sutures are only found where?

  • syndesmosis

    -joint held together by a ligament.

    -fibrous tissue is longer than that of sutures

  • Gomphosis

    -peg-in-socket fibrous joint.

  • in teeth

    Where are gomphosis joints located?

  • suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

    What are your fibrous joints?

  • synchondroses, symphyses

    What are your cartilaginous joints?

  • syncondroses

    -bones united by hyaline cartilage

  • Symphyses

    -bones united by fibrocartilage

  • synovial joint

    -most movable type of joint

    -ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage to absorb compression

    -joint cavity

  • fibrous capsule

    -outer layer; dense irregular CT that strengthens joint

  • synovial membrane

    -inner layer; loose CT that lines joint capsule covering internal joint surfaces and makes synovial fluid

  • synovial fluid

    -viscous glycoprotein filtrate of blood produced by fibroblasts to lubricate joints

  • innervated, well vascularized

    What are some unique characteristics to synovial joints?

  • fill in gaps to improve fit, distribute weight evenly, minimize wear and damage

    What is the function of articular discs?

  • lubricating devices

    -allows joining bones to move across on another with minimal friction

  • weeping lubrication

    -fluid is squeezed out as opposing cartilages touch

    -cartilages ride on the slippery film; not each other

    -when pressure ceases, fluid rushes back in (sponge) and ready for next load

  • HLA-DRB1

    -is an MHC cell surface receptor

    -ligand for T-cell receptor is upregulated in infection

    -T-helper cells release TNF and ILs

  • Rheumatoid factor (RF)

    -autoantibody precipitates when the blood cools; Binds with IgG to form complex to contribute to disease

  • Pannus

    -destructive vascular granulation tissue caused by inflammation

  • MMP-1

    -destroys collagen I

  • NSAID, DMARDs, corticosteroids

    Treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis?

  • Hydroxychloroquine

    stabilizes lysosomes

  • Methotrexate

    -interferes with purine metabolism to reduce inflammation

  • adalimumab, infliximab, etanercept

    -scavenges circulating/local TNF

  • e

    Which joint diseases have an unknown etiology (cause)?

    a. psoriatic arthritis

    b. osteoarthritis

    c. gout

    d. rheumatoid arthritis

    e. a & d

  • HLA-B27

    What is the cell surface receptor that is associated with psoriatic arthritis?

  • primary variant cause of osteoarthritis

    -intrinsic defects in articular cartilage from wear and tear

  • secondary variants

    -congenital defects, trauma, infection, crystal deposits, metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases

  • osteoarthritis

    which joint disease can result in bony outgrowths (osteophytes, nodes, and bunions?

  • Hyperuriccemia

    -elevated uric acid levels that crystalize in joints in the form of monosodium rate to form deposits

  • Colchicine

    -microtubule polymerization inhibitor; inhibits leukocyte migration and phagocytosis

  • Allopurinol

    -inhibits xanthine oxidase preventing uric acid formation