Hosam Mohamed-
motor dysfunction of smooth muscle, indigestion, bleeding, perforation of wall, obstruction, circulation disorders
What are the most common digestive system disorders? (6)
-
Gastroparesis
-partial paralysis of the stomach
- a disease in which the stomach cannot empty itself of food in a normal way
-
N&V, heartburn, GERD
What are symptoms of Gastroparesis? (3)
-
damage to vagus nerve via diabetes
What is the cause of Gastroparesis?
-
functional dyspepsia
-term for recurring signs and symptoms of indigestion that have no obvious cause
-
f; long lasting
Functional dyspepsia is common and is short lasting. T/F?
-
GERD
-caused by the reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach to the esophagus that causes esophagitis.
-
esophagitis, barret's esophagus, esophageal cancer, strictures
What are Long-term GERD diseases? (4)
-
esophagitis
–irritation and inflammation of the lining of the esophagus by the stomach acid
-
Barrett's esophagus
–the cells in the lining of the esophagus are damaged, which causes the lining to thicken and become red.
-
esophageal cancer
Barrett's esophagus is associated with an increased risk of developing ______.
-
strictures
-narrowing of the esophagus
-
H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, antacids
What are treatments for hiatal hernia?
-
ranitidine, cimetidine
What are our H2 receptor antagonists?
-
omeprazole, lansoprazole
What are our proton pump inhibitors?
-
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide
What are our antacids?
-
weak contractions, disorganized contractions, intestinal pseudo-obstruction
What are causes of Intestinal dysmotility?
-
abnormalities in the nerves
What is the cause of disorganized contractions & intestinal pseudo-obstruction?
-
terminal ileum
Crohn disease is an idiopathic, chronic regional enteritis that most commonly affects the _________.
-
peptic ulcer
- a sore in the inner lining of the stomach or upper small intestine.
-
imbalance between mucosal defense mechanisms and gastric mucosa-damaging mechanisms
What is the cause of Peptic ulcer?
-
benign
Which Peptic ulcer is characterized by a weak mucosal barrier?
-
malignant
Which Peptic ulcer is characterized by excessive secretion of gastric acid?
-
bicarbonate, prostaglandin, mucus production, blood flow to mucosa
What are protective factors against PUD?
-
lower esophagus and stomach; duodenum
Where are peptic ulcers most found?
-
perforation
-–Occurs when an ulcer erodes through all the layers of the stomach or duodenum wall
-
obstruction
–Caused by edema, spasm, or contraction of scar tissue and interference with the free passage of gastric contents through the pylorus or adjacent areas
-
2 antibiotics and 1 acid-suppressing medication for 1-2 weeks
How do we treat H.Pylori infection?
-
aspirin; anti-inflammatory
Long-term use of ______ or ________ drugs can lead to gastritis.
-
b
Which type of ulcer occurs in a traumatic fashion, such as surgery?
a) curling
b) cushing
c) zollinger
d) stress ulcer
-
a
Which type of ulcer is associated with extensive burns and increased levels of histamine?
a) curling
b) cushing
c) zollinger
d) stress ulcer
-
c
Which type of ulcer disease is caused by an overproduction of gastric acid?
a) curling
b) cushing
c) zollinger
d) stress ulcer
-
d
Which type of ulcer is caused by a mucosal perfusion defect?
a) curling
b) cushing
c) zollinger
d) stress ulcer
-
gluten
Celiac disease is caused by an allergic response to what?
