2022-10-28T22:21:46+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Arrhythmia</p>, <p>pacemaker impulse formation, contraction impulse conduction</p>, <p>arteriosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, heart block, myocardial ischemia</p>, <p>arrhythmogenesis </p>, <p>tachycardia</p>, <p>Ca2+ overload</p>, <p>K+</p>, <p>Impulse fractionation</p>, <p>normal</p>, <p>no signal originates from pacemaker, development of ectopic pacemaker, oscillatory afterdepolarizations </p>, <p>parasympathetic control</p>, <p>atropine </p>, <p>Late (DAD)</p>, <p>Early (EAD)</p>, <p>Enhanced or ectopic pacemaker activity</p>, <p>Re-entry</p>, <p>Respiratory sinus arrhythmia</p>, <p>inspiration</p>, <p>expiration</p>, <p>Sinus pause/arrest </p>, <p>Sinus tachycardia </p>, <p>Sick sinus syndrome</p>, <p>Premature Atrial contraction</p>, <p>atrial flutter </p>, <p>atrial fibrillation</p>, <p>Torsades de pointes</p>, <p>Ventricular tachycardia</p>, <p>A</p>, <p>B</p>, <p>C</p>, <p>normal ekg</p>, <p>sinus tachycardia</p>, <p>sinus bradycardia</p>, <p>sinus arrhythmia </p>, <p>Respiratory sinus arrhythmia </p>, <p>sick sinus syndrome</p> flashcards
CH.33: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm

CH.33: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm

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  • Arrhythmia

    -a problem with SA, AV, Bundle of His, or Purkinje network

  • pacemaker impulse formation, contraction impulse conduction

    Singular causes of arrythmia?

  • arteriosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, heart block, myocardial ischemia

    Combination causes of arrhythmia?

  • arrhythmogenesis

    -results from disorders of impulse formation, conduction, or both

  • tachycardia

    -caused by anatomical/physiological block creating a circus movement

    -electrical impulses travel around the heart in a unidirectional block.

  • Ca2+ overload

    Delayed after potentials(DAD) are caused by

  • K+

    Early after depolarization (EAD) is caused by

  • Impulse fractionation

    -too much vagal tone

    -impulse generation during diastole that hits the atrium

    -result is asynchronous atrial stimulation and atrial fibrillation

  • normal

    P wave precedes QRS complex with constant R-R intervals; no alterations in SA

  • no signal originates from pacemaker, development of ectopic pacemaker, oscillatory afterdepolarizations

    What are causes of Impulse formation disorders?

  • parasympathetic control

    Bradycardia is caused by severely depressed conduction due to ___________ of AV.

  • atropine

    Bradycardia is relieved by _______

  • Late (DAD)

    after resting membrane potential is reached, cells get a secondary impulse which may or may not be sufficient to reach threshold.

  • Early (EAD)

    - characterized by phase 3 repolarization interruption

    -Long Q-T interval

  • Enhanced or ectopic pacemaker activity

    -increases phase 4 slope

    - new pacemaker cells are controlling conduction

  • Re-entry

    abnormal circuit from tissue damage

    -leads to repetitive action such as: micro-reentry circuit- daughter impulses

    -circus movement

  • Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

    -gradual lengthening and shortening of R-R intervals caused by intrathoracic pressure changes due to respiration.

  • inspiration

    ________ will increase heart rate

  • expiration

    _________will decrease heart rate

  • Sinus pause/arrest

    -failure of SA node to fire caused by digitalis toxicity, stroke, MI, myocarditis, increased vagal tone, hyper or hypokalemia

  • Sinus tachycardia

    - fast heart rate (<100bpm) caused by fever, blood loss, anxiety, sympathetic stimulation (epinephrine)

  • Sick sinus syndrome

    -bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome; result of partial-total SA node destruction and SA/AV node junctional arrhythmias

  • Premature Atrial contraction

    -occur before next expected SA node impulse that is transmitted to ventricle and back to SA node

  • atrial flutter

    -heart rate 240-450 bpm

    -caused by congenital heart defects

  • atrial fibrillation

    -most chronic arrhythmia; rapid disorganized atrial activation and uncoordinated contraction of atria

  • Torsades de pointes

    -twisting of the points

    -polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that can lead to sudden cardiac death

  • Ventricular tachycardia

    : 3-4 + ventricular extra systoles, including V-fib

    - ectopic beats, EADs or DADs, or re-entry circuits

  • A

    What kind of AV block is characterized by slowed conduction and prolonged P-R interval?

    A. 1st degree

    B. 2nd degree

    C. 3rd degree

  • B

    What kind of AV block is characterized by some supraventricular complexes not being conducted; dropped beats occur.

    A. 1st degree

    B. 2nd degree

    C. 3rd degree

  • C

    What kind of AV block is characterized by no supraventricular complexes, ventricle generates its own impulse; complete heart block

    A. 1st degree

    B. 2nd degree

    C. 3rd degree

  • normal ekg

  • sinus tachycardia

  • sinus bradycardia

  • sinus arrhythmia

  • Respiratory sinus arrhythmia

  • sick sinus syndrome