Central banks

Da Afghanistan Bank (Pashto: دافغانستان بانک‎; Persian: بانک مرکزی افغانستان ) is the central bank of Afghanistan.

The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), on 14 January 1960, became the Australian central bank and banknote issuing authority, when the Reserve Bank Act 1959 (23 April 1959) removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank.

The World Gold Council is the market development organisation for the gold industry.

The Central Bank of Argentina (Spanish: Banco Central de la República Argentina, BCRA) is the central bank of Argentina.

The Bank of Albania (Albanian: Banka e Shqipërisë) is the central bank of Albania.

The Central Bank of the Republic of China (CBC; Chinese: 中華民國中央銀行; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó Zhōngyāng Yínháng), known in English from 1924 to 2007 as the Central Bank of China, is the central bank of the Republic of China, now commonly known as Taiwan.

The People's Bank of China (PBC or PBOC, Chinese: 中国人民银行, zhongguo renmin yinhang) is the central bank of the People's Republic of China with the power to carry out monetary policy and regulate financial institutions in mainland China.

The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (CBI; Persian: بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ايران‎‎, aka Bank Markazi-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān) is the central bank of Iran.

(Not to be confused with the Eurosystem.) The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) consists of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 28 member states of the European Union (EU).

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy.

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) is the central bank of Switzerland, and is therefore responsible for the monetary policy of the nation of Switzerland and also for the issuing of Swiss franc banknotes.

The Bank of Finland (Finnish: Suomen Pankki, Swedish: Finlands Bank) is the central bank of Finland.

The Central Bank of the Republic of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Կենտրոնական Բանկ) is the central bank of Armenia with its headquarters in Yerevan.

The Central Bank of Azerbaijan (CBA, Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Mərkəzi Bankı) is the central bank of Azerbaijan Republic.

The Central Bank of Ireland (Irish: Banc Ceannais na hÉireann) is Ireland's central bank, and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).

The Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) is the central bank of the Republic of Austria and, as such, an integral part of both the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the Eurozone.

The Bank of England, formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England, is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based.

The Bank of the Republic of Haiti (French:Banque de la République d'Haïti} (BRH) is the central bank of Haiti. The bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a member institution of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It recently announced a Maya Declaration Commitment to continue with the modernization of the payment system, and submit legislation to regulate and supervise micro finance institutions to relevant authorities in 2013.

The Bank of Algeria (Arabic: بنك الجزائر ‎‎, French: Banque d'Algérie) is the central bank of Algeria.

Fractional-reserve banking is the practice whereby a bank accepts deposits, makes loans or investments, and holds reserves that are equivalent to a fraction of its deposit liabilities.

The Central Bank of Aruba (Dutch: Centrale Bank van Aruba) is the central bank in Aruba responsible for implementation of monetary policy of the Aruban florin.

This history of central banking in the United States encompasses various bank regulations, from early "wildcat" practices through the present Federal Reserve System.

Helicopter money has been proposed as an alternative to Quantitative Easing (QE) when interest rates are close to zero and the economy remains weak or enters recession.

The German Federal Bank known in German as the Deutsche Bundesbank (pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈbʊndəsˌbaŋk]; is the central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). Due to its strength and former size, the Bundesbank is the most influential member of the ESCB. Both the German Federal Bank and the European Central Bank (ECB) are located in Frankfurt, Germany. It is sometimes referred to as "Buba" for Bundesbank.

The Bank of France known in French as the Banque de France, headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France; it is linked to the European Central Bank (ECB).